Spaceflight: The Complete Illustrated Story

https://welib.org/md5/1182fc559b40dc86b48341f74645be80

Cher negotiates New York

https://welib.org/md5/fd7fb55ca5f738ccf0b8c8eaef499073

Meteor-1 10

 1971-120A

---

Meteor (F10) was launched on 1971 Dec 29 by 8A92M Vostok from Plesetsk. This advanced Meteor satellite carried APT (automatic picture transmission) equipment to allow small ground antennas to pick up weather pictures. It also carried an experimental low thrust plasma engine which was tested out in Feb 1972, placing the spacecraft in a sun synchronous orbit. Between Feb 14 and Feb 22 the plasma engine accumulated 170 hours of operation.

A number of debris objects were associated with this launch. C and D were cataloged in 1976 May but may have been released around the time of launch.

Meteor F10
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1971 Dec 29	1050:01	Launch by 8A92M	PL
	1055?	Blok E burn
	1100?	Blok E sep
			102.6 878 x 889 x 81.3
1972 Jan 13		Engine test (1.5min)
1972 Feb 2		Spatial orientation test
1972 Feb 2		Engine test (Rev 517, 1 rev)
1972 Feb 7		Engine test (Rev 573, 1 rev)
1972 Feb 10		Engine test, 1 rev (Rev 604-5)
1972 Feb 14		Rev 657: begin long duration tests
1972 Feb 22		Rev 772: end long duration tests	102.3 859 x 874 x 81.3
1970s		End of ops

Solidaridad 1

 1993-073A

---

Telecomunicaciones de Mexico ordered the HS-601 Solidaridad satellites as replacements for its earlier HS-376 Morelos system.

The Solidaridad 1 satellite was a 3.4 x 2.8 x 3.8 m box with a 21 m span solar panel array and two antenna reflectors. Launch mass was 2776 kg, decreasing to 1672 kg after apogee firings. Dry mass is 1291 kg.

The satellite replaced Morelos 1 at 109.2W.

In Jan 1998 TcM was privatized, with the formation of SatMex (Satelites Mexicanos SA de C.V.). The satellite was renamed Satmex 3.

Solidaridad 1
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1993 Nov 20	0117	Launch by Ariane 44LP+ V61
		Stage 2 burn
	0122	Stage 3 burn
	0135	Stage 3 MECO
	0137?	Solidaridad sep
	0140?	SPELDA
	0141?	Meteosat sep
1993 Nov 20			632.14 215 x 35825 x 7.0
1993 Nov 21	0340?	LAM-1	711.15 4303 x 35723 x 3.7
1993 Nov 22	1530?	LAM-2	978.28 16675 x 35856 x 1.5
1993 Nov 24	0000?	LAM-3	1233.25 27743 x 35689 x 0.4
1993 Nov 24	2030?	LAM-4	1399.91 34392 x 35757 x 0.1 GEO 115.4W+9.3E
1993 Nov 26			1435.99 35755 x 35813 x 0.0 GEO 109.2W
1994 Jan 10			1436.08 35778 x 35794 x 0.0 GEO 109.2W
1995 Apr 9			1436.08 35775 x 35797 x 0.0 GEO 109.2W
1998 May 22			1436.08 35775 x 35797 x 0.0 GEO 109.2W

The Magnificent Seven

https://welib.org/md5/f9e9440bb699e384795e868ece032703

True blue Hawaii

https://welib.org/md5/8b5a67a4709b3f712377e587068e8896

SNOE

 1998-012A

---

The Student Nitric Oxide Explorer (SNOE) is a Unex/STEDI satellite to measure variations of the NO density in the lower thermosphere (90 to 200 km) caused by solar effects. Built and operated by LASP/U Colorado-Boulder, the satellite is 120 kg and is 0.9m high, 1.0m diameter. Planned orbit is 550 x 550 x 97.5. The Pegasus drop point was 36.0N 123.0W at 11.9 km altitude. (Keith Stein reported drop at 18.5N 135W)

SNOE
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1998 Feb 26	0605	L-1011 takeoff from VAFB
	0707	Pegasus XL launch over Pacific
		T+00:05 Pegasus F-27 Stage 1 burn
		T+01:15 Stage 1 BO
		T+01:31 Stage 1 sep
		T+01:31 Stage 2 burn
		T+2:09 Fairing sep
		T+2:43 Stage 2 burnout
		T+6:58 Stage 2 sep
		T+7:09 Stage 3 burn
	0715	T+8:17 Stage 3 cutoff
	0717	T+10:11? SNOE sep
	0718?	DPAF sep
	0719?	T1 sep
1998 Feb 26	1605		95.81 534 x 580 x 97.8
1998 Mar 7	0435		95.81 534 x 580 x 97.8

As if! : the not so clueless Alicia Silverstone

https://welib.org/md5/8edbfc99148474e9e1c66c82d8ac2079

Parcae 2

 1977-112A

---

The second triplet was launched at the end of 1977. The dispenser satellite operated for 31 days.

PARCAE 2
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1977 Dec 8	1746	Launch by Atlas F
	1748	Booster sep
	1751	Atlas sep
	1813?	Kick stage burn
	1815?	Plume shield sep
		PL191 deployed
		PL192 deployed
		PL193 deployed
			107.5 1054 x 1169 x 63.4
1977 Dec 20?		SS 1 cataloged
1977 Dec 27?		SS 2 cataloged
1978 Jan 8?		SS 3 deployed

Himawari 2

 1981-076A

---

The second GMS was built by Nippon Electric (NEC) with collaboration by Hughes. The GMS-2 to GMS-5 satellites were given the HS-378 bus designation by Hughes. GMS 2 was renamed Himawari 2 after launch by an N-2 fron Tanegashima.

Himawari 2
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1981 Aug 10	2003	Launch by N-2	TNSC
		T+0:35 SRM burnout 1-6
		T+1:25 SRM sep?
		T+4:24 MECO
		T+4:32 Stage 1 sep
		T+4:38 SES-1
	2008	T+5:02 Fairing
	2012	T+11:03 SECO-1	171 x 171? x 30.3
	2026	T+23:34 SES-2
	2026	T+23:39 SECO-2
	2028	T+24:41 Stage 2 sep	171 x 514 x 30.3
	2028	T+25:01 TES 37s
	2028	T+25:38 TECO
	2030	T+27:20 Stage 3 sep
1981 Aug 11			656.05 180 x 37083 x 29.0
1981 Aug 12	1045:47	AKM at apo 4, 50s burn
1981 Aug 12	1101	AKM sep
1981 Aug 20	0946	On station 160E
1981 Aug 25			1435.98 35775 x 35793 x 1.2 GEO 139.8E+0.02E
1981 Sep		Tests	GEO 160E
1981 Nov 10		mv out	GEO
1981 Dec 15		On station	GEO 140E
1981 Dec		JMA operations
1982 Feb 1			1436.04 35776 x 35795 x 0.9 GEO 140.3E
1982 Oct			GEO 140E
1984 Jan 7			1436.08 35771 x 35800 x 0.8 GEO 140.2E
1984 Feb 28		mv out	1435.99 35778 x 35790 x 2.5 GEO 140E
1984 Mar 4			1436.26 35775 x 35804 x 0.9 GEO 144.7E+0.05W
1984 Mar		on station	GEO 145E
1985 Jun 15			1436.15 35782 x 35793 x 1.4 GEO 145.2E
1985 Jul		mv out	GEO 145E
1985 Jul 6			1437.90 35785 x 35861 x 1.5 GEO 136.6E+0.5W
1985 Aug			GEO 130E dr
1985 Aug 27			1436.03 35782 x 35788 x 1.6 GEO 120.0E
1985 Sep		On station	GEO 120E
1986 Mar 27			1436.21 35784 x 35793 x 2.1 GEO 119.8E
1987 Sep 28			1436.28 35782 x 35798 x 3.5 GEO 119.7E
1987 Nov 19			1436.27 35784 x 35795 x 3.7 GEO 119.8E+0.05W
1988 Feb		Orbit raise
1988 Feb 9			1446.55 35951 x 36030 x 3.9 GEO 103.9W+2.6W
1990 Jul 12			1446.43 35948 x 36029 x 6.1 GEO 131.9E+2.5W

Soyuz TM-13

 1991-069A

---

The Austromir mission was conducted in cooperation with the Austrian Federal Ministry for Science and Research. The crew was launched in Oct 1991 aboard 11F732 (7K-STM) No. 63, Soyuz TM-13.

Soyuz TM-13, Flight 1
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1991 Oct 2	0559:39	Launch by Soyuz-U2	KB LC1
	0601:37	Blok BVGD sep, 45 km alt (T+1:58)
	0601:42	SAS sep, 50 km (T+2:03)
	0602:21	Fairing sep, 85 km (T+2:42)
	0604:26	Blok A sep, 169 km (T+4:47)
	0608:22	Blok I MECO, 205 km (T+8:43)
	0608:29	Blok I sep
	1700		90.20 271 x 297 x 51.60
1991 Oct 3	0230		90.20 270 x 297 x 51.60
1991 Oct 4	0230		90.21 273 x 295 x 51.60
	0659	Within 4 km of Mir
	0704	Rendezvous
	0738:42	Docked with Mir -X
	0900	Hatch open
	2315		92.51 394 x 400 x 51.59
1991 Oct 9			92.57 398 x 403 x 51.60

Soyuz TM-13, Flight 2
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1991 Oct 15	0101	Undocked Mir -X
	0245	Docked 37KE +X
1991 Oct 23			92.51 395 x 399 x 51.60
1991 Oct 30			92.47 393 x 398 x 51.60
1991 Nov 2			92.45 390 x 399 x 51.60

Soyuz TM-13, Flight 3
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1992 Mar 14	1143	Undocked 37KE +X
	1210	Docked Mir -X, 27 min flight

Soyuz TM-13, Flight 4
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1992 Mar 25	0526	Undocked Mir -X
	0755	Deorbit
	0759	DO CO
	0823?	Modules sep
	0828?	Entry
	0851:22	Landed

Kosmos 865

 1976-109A

---

Kosmos-865 flew a 12 day mission in Nov 1976. On around Nov 5, two objects were ejected into a 219 x 470 km elliptical orbit. Their RCS values were 0.21 and 0.49 sq m, and they remained in orbit for several months. It's not clear what these objects were - possibly one of them is a small subsatellite.

Kosmos-865
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1976 Nov 1	1120	Launch by Soyuz-U	Plesetsk
	1124	Blok-I burn
	1128	Blok-I sep
1976 Nov 2			89.76 200 x 324 x 72.9
1976 Nov 5		109G ejected?
1976 Nov 10			89.71 200 x 319 x 72.9
1976 Nov 13
	0550?	Deorbit
	0600?	PO sep
	0606?	Entry
	0619?	Landed

Kosmos 800

  1976-011A

---

This was another Tsiklon navsat, launched in Feb 1976 from Plesetsk.

Kosmos-800
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1976 Feb 3	0816	Launch by 11K65M	PL
		T+2:10 St 1 MECO
		T+2:12 St 1 sep
		T+2:12 St 2 burn 59km
		T+2:27 Fairing 76km
	0824?	T+8:03 St 2 MECO 150 km	150 x 1003? x 83
		T+1:02:19 St 2 MES2
		T+1:02:30 St 2 MECO2
	0919?	T+1:02:50 St 2 sep
1976 Feb 12			105.1 984x1015x83.0

Soyuz 34

 1979-049A

---

Soyuz spacecraft number 50 (11F615A8 No. 50, 7K-T No. 50) was hastily modified to correct the problem encountered with No. 49's engine, and launched without a crew to provide the EO-3 astronauts with a fresh ferry vehicle. Lyakhov and Ryumin used it to return to Earth.

Soyuz-34
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1979 Jun 6	1812:41	Launch by Soyuz-U	KB
	1815	Blok BVGD sep
	1817	Blok A sep
	1821	Blok I MECO
	1821	Blok I sep
			198 x 270 x 51.6
	2030	Test burn 1
	2155	Test burn 2
1979 Jun 7	0630	Test burn 3
1979 Jun 8	0756	Test burn 4
	2002	Docked with Salyut-6 +X
1979 Jun 14	1425	EO-3 crew to Soyuz-34
	1618	Undocked +X
	1637	Docked Salyut-6 -X
	1720	EO-3 crew to Salyut
1979 Aug 16	1210	Burn to correct DOS orbit	386 x 411 x 51.6
1979 Aug 19	0645	EO-3 crew to Soyuz-34
	0907	Undocked
	1140?	DO
	1144?	DO CO
	1200?	Modules sep
	1205?	Entry
	1229:26	Landed 170 km SE Dzez

USA-73

 1991-082A

---

Block 5D-2 S-12 (DMSP 22546, USA 73) was launched on 1991 Nov 28 from Vandenberg, becoming mission F-11. This time the Atlas and Star 37S worked well and DMSP entered an 840 x 858 km orbit. The satellite operated until 1995.

DMSP 22546
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1991 Nov 28	1323	Launch by Atlas E	V SLC3W
	1325	T+2:04 Booster sep
	1325	T+2:24 Fairing sep
	1328	T+5:21 SECO
	1328	Atlas sep
	1333	T+10:27 Star 37S burn 43.4s
	1334?	Star 37S burnout
	1334?	T+11:43? Orbit trim
	1945?		101.91 840 x 858 x 98.92
1993 Aug		Still operational
1994 Sep 2			101.95 842 x 859 x 98.92

Payload:

• OLS Operational linescan system

• SSI/ES2 Ionospheric/scintillation monitor S/N 001

• SSJ/4 Precipitating electron/ion spectrometer

• SSM/T-1 Microwave temperature sounder (Aerojet); Atmos. temperature profile

• SSM/T-2 Microwave temperature sounder (Aerojet); Specific and relative humidity, vertical moisture profile

• SSM/I Microwave imager

• SSB/X2 XR spectrometer

Kosmos 2207

 1992-048A

---

Oblik class satellite in high perigee orbit.

Kosmos-2207
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1992 Jul 30	1100:00	Launch by Soyuz	PL
	1104	Blok-I burn
	1108	Blok-I sep
1992 Jul 30			88.66 182x234x82.33
1992 Jul 31		Raise orbit	90.00 232 x 316 x 82.3
1992 Aug 9			89.95 231 x 321 x 82.3
1992 Aug 10		Raise apogee	90.44 236 x 355 x 82.3
1992 Aug 13			90.43 236x354x82.33
1992 Aug 13
	0753?	Deorbit
	0803?	PO sep
	0811?	Entry	-151 x 305
	0826?	Landed

Kosmos 54

  1965-011A

---

The Kosmos-54 satellite, a Strela-1 prototype, carried a Mayak ionospheric beacon. 

Kosmos-54
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1965 Feb 21	1100	Launch by 65S3	KB
	1102	Stage 2 burn
	1106?	Stage 2 MECO
	1107?	Sep from stage 2	104.9 256 x 1729 x 56.0
1968 Sep 15	2130?	Reentered

Kosmos 168

  1967-067A

---

Zenit-2 No. 53 was launched by 11A57 into a 51.8 degree orbit from Baikonur. The cabin landed 150 km south of Kuibyshev.

Kosmos-168
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1967 Jul 4	0600	Launch by 11A57	NIIP-5 LC31
	0604	Blok-I burn
	0609	Blok-I sep
	0717		89.32 212 x 269 x 51.9
			89.1 199 x 268 x 51.8 (TASS)
	2039		89.12 198 x 262 x 51.8
1967 Jul 5	1258		89.10 198 x 261 x 51.8
1967 Jul 12	0519?	Deorbit
	0539	Landed

Navstar 28

 1992-019A

---

SVN 28 (USA 80) was launched into plane C-2 on 1992 Apr 10.

Navstar 28
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1992 Apr 10	0320:00	Launch by Delta 7925	CC LC17
		SRM 1-9 sep
		St 1 sep
	0324	T+4:40? SES-1
	0331	T+11:00? SECO-1	185 x 185 x 34.0?
		T+20? SES-2 36s?
	0340	T+20? SECO-2	180? x 715? x 34.0?
		T+21? St 2 sep
	0342	T+22? TES 1:24
	0343	T+23? TECO
	0345	T+25? St 3 sep	179 x 20410 x 34.61
	0426?	SES-3 depletion	530 x 715 x 21.2
1992 Apr 12	0644?	Star 37XFP burn
			715.80 19872 x 20385 x 55.12
1992 Apr 25		In service
1997 Feb 1		Operating at slot C-5

The Cheerleader’s Almanac

https://welib.org/md5/ab8d43d31dc269b0e467ce5bf12e7fd8

Intelsat 507

 1983-105A

---

Intelsat V F-7 was the first Intelsat to be launched by a non-US launch vehicle. It took off in Oct 1983 from South America aboard a European Ariane rocket, carrying C and Ku-band transponders for INTELSAT and the MCS-C L-band package for INMARSAT.

Intelsat V F-7 (MCS)
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1983 Oct 19	0045:32	Launch by Ariane (L7)	CSG ELA1
		T+2:26 St 1 MECO
		T+2:30 St 1 sep 66 km	-6200 x 188 x 10?
		T+2:32 St 2 burn
		T+4:15 Fairing 173 km	-5449 x 244 x 8
		T+4:51 St 2 sep 205 km	-4550 x 290 x 8?
	0050:27	T+4:55 St 3 MES
	0059:49	T+14:17 St 3 MECO
	0101:02	T+15:30 St 3 sep	629.4 259 x 35647 x 8.4
		T+15:33 St 3 avoidance
	0630?	Apogee 1
	1130?	Perigee 1
	1700?	Apogee 2 over 80W
	2250?	Peri 2
1983 Oct 20	0300?	Apo 3 over 125E
1983 Oct 20			629.43 255 x 35645 x 0.5
	0830?	Peri 3
	1300?	Apo 4 over 30W
	1900?	Peri 4
1983 Oct 21	0030?	Apo 5 over 160E
	0530?	Peri 5
1983 Oct 21	1004?	Star 37XF burn 20s
	1030?	Apo 6 over 12E
1983 Oct 21			1387.66 35100 x 35567 x 0.3
1983 Oct 24			1431.14 35471 x 35907 x 0.5 GEO 19.8E+1.2E
1983 Oct 28			1433.24 35512 x 35949 x 0.4 GEO 24.7E+0.7E
1984 Jan 4			1436.13 35672 x 35902 x 0.4 GEO 22.8E
1984 Jan		Move to IOR
1984 Feb		IOR Primary	GEO 60E
1984 Mar 7			1436.16 35767 x 35808 x 0.1 GEO 60.0E
1984 Oct 10			1436.14 35772 x 35802 x 0.0 GEO 60.0E
1985 Nov 7			GEO 60.1E
1985 Dec 18			1436.13 35776 x 35798 x 0.1 GEO 60.0E
1985 Dec		INMARSAT IOR Spare	GEO 66E
1986 Jan 14			1436.13 35751 x 35823 x 0.0 GEO 65.8E
1986 Sep			GEO 66E
1987 Jan 3			1436.08 35773 x 35799 x 0.1 GEO 65.9E
1988 Feb 28			1436.07 35766 x 35805 x 0.04 GEO 66.0E
1990 Jan 19			1436.08 35761 x 35811 x 0.1 GEO 66.0E
1991 Jan 12			1436.10 35690 x 35882 x 1.1 GEO 66.1E
1991 Jan 14		mv out
1991 Feb 6		mv in	1436.11 35768 x 35805 x 0.6 GEO 57.0E+0.01W
1991 Jul 21			1436.05 35750 x 35821 x 1.0 GEO 57.0E
1992 Oct 20			1436.07 35760 x 35811 x 2.0 GEO 57.0E
1995 Jan 4			1436.05 35546 x 36024 x 3.8 GEO 57.2E
1995 Jan 21		mv out	1435.97 35765 x 35802 x 3.9 GEO 57.3E+0.03E
1995 Apr 27		mv in	1436.09 35767 x 35805 x 4.0 GEO 47.0E
1996 Jul 17			1435.99 35770 x 35798 x 4.9 GEO 47.2E

Progress M-23

 1994-031A

---

Progress M (7K-TGM) No. 223 was launched in May 1994 and announced as Progress M-23. It carried the last VBK reentry capsule. Mass was 7117 kg. The launch vehicle was built to the Soyuz-U2 standard but fuelled and used as a Soyuz-U, according to Igor Lissov.

Progress M-23
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1994 May 22	0430:04	Launch by Soyuz-U	KB
	0438:52	Blok I cutoff	193 x 247 x 51.6
1994 May 24	0618:35	Docked with Kvant DP2
1994 Jul 2	0846:49	Undocked
	1444	TDU deorbit
	1455:45	VBK sep
	1457:35	Reentry
	1509:00	VBK landed

Resurs 1997

 1997-072A

---

Resurs F-1M was an upgraded Resurs F-1 with a new camera payload. It was launched on 1997 Nov 18.

Resurs F-1M
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1997 Nov 18	1114:59	Launch by Soyuz-U	PL
	1123	Blok I MECO
	1123	Blok I sep
			88.66 179 x 236 x 82.3
	2000?	orbit raise
1997 Nov 20			89.02 208 x 243 x 82.3
1997 Nov 24			88.97 206 x 240 x 82.3
		Orbit raise
1997 Nov 25			89.02 209 x 243 x 82.3
1997 Nov 28			88.99 207 x 242 x 82.3
1997 Nov 29		Orbit raise	89.03 210 x 242 x 82.3
1997 Dec 2			88.99 209 x 240 x 82.3
1997 Dec 3		Orbit raise	89.59 238 x 269 x 82.3
1997 Dec 9			89.52 234 x 267 x 82.3
		Lower perigee	88.95 174 x 270 x 82.3
1997 Dec 11		Orbit raise	89.02 212 x 238 x 82.3
1997 Dec 13			88.99 210 x 238 x 82.3
1997 Dec 14	0533?	KDU sep
	0535?	Deorbit
	0542?	PO sep
	0552?	Entry
	0555?	Landing (PSC)
	0604?	Landing

ATS-4

  1968-068A

---

ATS D (Applications Technology Satellite 4) was the second gravity gradient ATS test. The Hughes satellite included the SR-28-3 AKM and was intended for geostationary orbit, unlike ATS A. An Atlas Centaur launch vehicle was to have placed the satellite in geostationary transfer orbit of 664 x 35882 km x 16.2 deg. Atlas 5104C left pad 36A and fell away, followed by the first burn of Centaur AC-17, which inserted the ATS/Centaur combination into a 219 x 767 km x 29.0 deg parking orbit. However, AC-17 failed to reignite because of boost pump failure and remained attached to ATS IV. Three attempts to fire the AKM failed because the spacecraft was still attached. Some experiments returned limited data, confirming that they operated. The primary gravity booms were extended 10 meters. The ATS/AKM/Centaur combination reentered over the South Atlantic Ocean on 1968 Oct 17.

ATS-4
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1968 Aug 10	2233:02	Launch by Atlas Centaur	CC LC36A
		T+2:32 BECO
		T+2:35 Booster sep
		T+3:17 Insulation panels sep
		T+3:53 Fairing sep
		T+4:06 SECO
		T+4:08 Atlas sep
		T+4:18 Centaur burn 1
	2242:58	T+9:56 Centaur MECO-1	94.13 186 x 767 x 29.14
		61 min coast
	2344:07	T+1:11:05 Centaur burn 2 failed
1968 Aug 11			94.54 221 x 771 x 29.1
1968 Sep 2			93.69 217 x 692 x 29.0
1968 Oct 17		Reentered

Model Flirt

 https://welib.org/md5/8d3207b1c6ada72b36c4790d23cd4bfe

Kosmos 819

  1976-045A

---

Medium res photo recon satellite PDM telemetry, extended duration

Kosmos-819
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1976 May 20	0900	Launch by Soyuz-U	Baikonur
	0904	Blok-I burn
	0908	Blok-I sep
1976 May 20			89.44 200 x 292 x 65.0
1976 May 31			89.32 198 x 283 x 65.0
1976 Jun 1
	0320?	Deorbit
	0330?	PO sep
	0336?	Entry
	0350?	Landed

Kosmos 220

  1968-040A

---

Kosmos-220 was launched in May 1968 to become the second Soviet navigation satellite. This vehicle had a new combined magnetic stabilization boom system.

Kosmos-220
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1968 May 7	1358:00	Launch by 11K65M	PL
	1400?	Stage 2 burn
	1406?	Stage 2 coast
	1453?	Stage 2 burn 2
	1453?	Stage 2 sep	99.2 675 x 760 x 74.1

Town and Country: March 1998

 https://welib.org/md5/03de67d82a0f3f4424c8a300e67d1b9d

Countdown

 https://welib.org/md5/76e21d1ef88ee4a6107bcc7b8e9c8f1a

A Bibliography of British History, 1914-1989

 https://welib.org/md5/5ad373d02f2390be66559226a2e70eda

Kosmos 316

  1969-108A

---

The second test of the 11K69 rocket carried a IS GVM with an attached DU (Dvigatel' Unstanovka) engine unit. Two large objects were tracked in orbit; it's not clear whether the second one was the DU or the 11K69 second stage. The archival TLEs for catalog 4282 include a rapidly decaying object which reentered around 1970 Jan 1, followed by elements for a slowly decaying object lasting till Aug 1970. Debris from the spacecraft was found in Kansas, Texas and Oklahoma.

Kosmos-316
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1969 Dec 23	0925	Launch by 11K69	KB
	0927	Stage 2 burn
	0930?	Stage 2 sep
			102.82 152 x 1638 x 49.50 (RAE)
	1602		102.92 169 x 1624 x 49.6
1969 Dec 23		108C	102.75 161 x 1615 x 49.4
1969 Dec 24		108B	100.64 148 x 1428 x 49.5
1970 Jan 1		108B reentered
1970 Jun 20			95.20 138 x 926 x 49.48 (RAE)
1970 Aug 28	0000		87.90 119 x 226 x 49.45 (RAE)
	2024?	Reentered