ST-1

 1998-049A

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The Singapore-Taiwan-1 (ST-1) satellite (Singasat) is a Eurostar 2000+ built by Matra Marconi Space/France. It was launched by Ariane 44P. The project is a joint venture between Singapore Telecom (SingTel) and Chunghwa Telecom of Taiwan. Mass is 3255 kg full, 1753 kg BOL, 1502 kg dry. Size is 2.5 x 1.7 m x 2.9m The satellite was stationed at 88E, raising concerns about conflicts with the nearby Chinastar.

In 2001, SingTel also absorbed the Optus satellite system. The satellite was relocated in 2013 to 125E and then moved again.

ST-1
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1998 Aug 25	2307	Launch by Ariane 44P (V-109)
		T+1:11 SRM sep
		T+3:32 St 1 sep
		T+3:35 St 2 burn
		T+4:28 Fairing sep
		T+5:44 St 2 sep
	2312	T+5:49 St 3 burn
	2326	T+19:01 St 3 cutoff
	2327	T+20:33 St 3 sep
1998 Aug 26			632.42 295 x 35759 x 3.9
1998 Aug 27	1230?	LAM-1
1998 Aug 27			776.80 7491 x 35736 x 1.8
1998 Aug 28	1420?	LAM-2
1998 Aug 29			1166.88 24937 x 35967 x 0.3
1998 Aug 30	0500?	LAM-3
1998 Aug 31			1430.92 35420 x 35950 x 0.2 GEO 84.0E+1.3E
1998 Sep 21			1436.09 35755 x 35817 x 0.0 GEO 88.0E
1998 Dec 2			1436.12 35779 x 35794 x 0.0 GEO 88.0E
1999 Oct 16			1436.12 35777 x 35795 x 0.0 GEO 88.0E
2006 Aug 3			1436.10 35771 x 35802 x 0.0 GEO 88.0E
2013 Jan 16		Move out 88E	1436.11 35771 x 35802 x 1.2 GEO 88.1E
2013 Apr 9		Move in 125E	1436.03 35769 x 35801 x 1.4 GEO 124.9E
2013 Jul 20			1436.14 35770 x 35804 x 1.6 GEO 124.8E

Cluster 2

2000-045B

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Cluster FM8, C4 is launched with FM5 on the second dual Soyuz-Fregat launch. Mass 1186 kg launch, 550 dry.

Cluster FM8
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
2000 Aug 9	1113:35	Launch by Soyuz-Fregat
	1116:34	Strapons sep
	1117	Fairing
	1119	Blok-A sep
	1119	Blok-I burn
		Fairing sep
		Blok-I underburn
		Blok-I MECO	SO x 64.8
	1122	T+8:48 Blok-I sep, 217 km
	1122	T+8:50? Fregat burn 1 3:45
	1126?	Fregat MECO-1	200 x 200 x 64.8
		Fregat MES-2
		Fregat MECO-2
	1243?	Fregat sep, alt 1000 km
		FM8 sep from FM5
2000 Aug 10	0853	LAM-1	239 x 23199 x 64.9
2000 Aug 11	0458	LAM-2	240 x 33997 x 64.9
2000 Aug 12	0019	LAM-3
2000 Aug 12	1636?	LAM-4
2000 Aug 13	1658	Inc mvr
2000 Aug 15	s	Rendezvous
2000 Oct 25		Begin boom deploy
2000 Nov	s	Complete boom deploy
2001 May 10		Manuevers begin
2003 Jun 4			18699 x 119082 x 89.5
2006		Move to along-track sep from C3
2010 Jul 21	1911	TCM
2010 Jul 30	2016	TCM
2010 Aug 8			1856 x 130941 x 129.6
2011 Nov 15			1089 x 131679 x 140.9
2012 Jan 31			1644 x 131141 x 141.6
2012 Oct 3			4325 x 128464 x 140.16
2012 Oct		Orbit adjust
2012 Oct 12			8124 x 128639 x 130.64
2013 Jul 15		New close formation
2013 Jul 27			8897 x 123909 x 136.75
2013 Aug 30	0037	Closest pass of 9.1 km to C1
2014 Jun 17			14857 x 118216 x 133.6

2000-045A

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The Cluster Flight Model 5 satellite was refurbished after the Ariane 5 failure to become Project Phoenix. It was renamed Rumba. It was launched with Cluster FM8 on a Soyuz in Jul 2000. into a 250 x 250 km x 51.8 deg orbit. A Fregat kick stage raises the orbit to 250 x 18000 km x ?. Then the satellites separate from the kick stage and use their S400 engines to get to the 4 x 19.6 Re orbit. 25500 x 125000 km polar.

Mass of Cluster/Fregat at Blok I sep is 7847 kg. After MECO-1 mass is 6810 kg.

The Blok I suffered an 3.5s underburn,possibly due to the stage having too little fuel loaded. The Fregat made up the difference. A report said that the second Fregat burn went till depletion, but other indications are that the Fregat did make a third deorbit burn since Space Command tracked it with a negative perigee after apogee.

Cluster FM5 was known after launch as Rumba and as C1.

Cluster FM5
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
2000 Aug 9	1113:35	Launch by Soyuz-Fregat
	1116:34	Strapons sep
	1116:41	Fairing
	1119	Blok-A sep
	1119	Blok-I burn
		Fairing sep
		Blok-I MECO 3.5s early	-1301 x 206 x 64.8
	1122:21	T+8:48 Blok-I sep
	1122:29	T+8:54 Fregat burn 1 (MDU burn for 3:28)
	1123:21	MDU on (3:28)
	1126:50	Fregat MECO-1	186 x 202 x 64.8
	1134?	Blok I reentry
	1228:04	T+1:14:29 Fregat burn 2
	1229:00	Fregat MDU MES-2
	1237:20	T+1:24:10 Fregat MECO-2	251 x 17075 x 64.9
	1242:59	sT+1:29:51 Fregat sep, alt 1000 km
	1243:09	sT+1:30:01 FM5/FM8 sep
	1510	Fregat apogee
	1510:15	T+3:56:41 Fregat deorbit
	1513:32	T+3:59:21 Fregat MECO-3	-157 x 17075 x 64.9
	1741:44	Fregat reentry 21:28S 70:06W
		(Chile coast)
2000 Aug 10	1359	LAM-1	239 x 23199 x 64.9
2000 Aug 11	0340	LAM-2	240 x 33997 x 64.9
2000 Aug 11	2335	LAM-3
2000 Aug 12	1630?	LAM-4
2000 Aug 13	1655	Inc mvr	17200 x 120600 x 90
2000 Aug 15	s	Rendezvous
2000 Sep 7		Boom deploy begin to 15m
2001 May 10		Manuevers begin
2010 Jul 21	1923	TCM
2010 Jul 30	2037	TCM
2010 Sep 2	1901	TCM
2010 Sep 7	0736	TCM
2013 Jul 15		New close formation
2013 Jul 31			12280 x 120510 x 139.4
2013 Aug 30	0037	Closest pass of 9.1 km to C4
2013 Sep 19	1112	Closest pass of 5 km to C3
2015 Mar 11			22016 x 110774 x 135.6

True Prep

https://welib.org/md5/d8b4fb2c5b691b75aefb9ade7b45c4d4

Crowded Orbits : Conflict and Cooperation in Space

 https://welib.org/md5/5eec9c0261c9dcdc87a9c8555cc5a7b6

DirecTV 1R

 1999-056A

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DIRECTV Inc. satellite (DirecTV-1R). HS-601HP to supplement DBS series at 101W. Total power 7.5kW. Mass 3447 kg. Launch by Zenit-3SL from 154W 0N.

In Oct 2012 DTV-1R was transferred to 56.16E for RSCC (Kos. Svyaz) services in inclined orbit, backing up the Bonum 1 satellite.

DirecTV 1-R
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1999 Oct 10	0328:00	Launch by Zenit-3SL	Odyssey
		T+2:26 Stage 1 sep, 76 km
		T+3:16 PLF sep, 116 km
	0337	T+9:05 Stage 2 sep, 200 km	-2220? x 200 x 1
	0337	T+9:15 DM-SL burn 1, 200 km
	0344	T+16:41 DM-SL MECO, 193 km	184.0 180 x 8495 x 0.6
	0417:55	T+49:55 DM-SL burn 2, 4323 km
	0421:04	T+53:04 DM-SL MECO-2, 4800 km
	0429:14	T+1:01:14 DM-SL sep
1999 Oct 11			682.13 2827 x 35753 x 0.6
1999 Oct 12	1830?	LAM-1
1999 Oct 12			842.48 10582 x 35758 x 0.8
1999 Oct 13	2230?	LAM-2
1999 Oct 13			1296.90 30242 x 35789 x 0.2
1999 Oct 15	1830?	LAM-3
1999 Oct 15			1406.04 34609 x 35782 x 0.1
1999 Oct 16	1930?	LAM-4
1999 Oct 17			1435.59 35763 x 35789 x 0.1 82.0W+0.1E
1999 Oct 26			1436.11 35781 x 35792 x 0.1 GEO 81.6W
1999 Nov		Control to DirecTV
1999 Nov 9			1436.11 35780 x 35792 x 0.0 GEO 81.6W
1999 Nov		Relocate to 101W
1999 Nov 28			1436.10 35785 x 35788 x 0.0 GEO 101.2W
2002 Jul 3			1436.08 35774 x 35797 x 0.0 GEO 101.2W
2002 Sep		Move to 100.8W
2002 Oct 24			1436.10 35777 x 35795 x 0.0 GEO 100.8W
2006 Aug 3			1436.09 35778 x 35794 x 0.0 GEO 100.8W
2007 Mar 10		Move out of 100W
2007 Apr 10		Move in at 72.5W
2012 Jan 9			1436.11 35776 x 35797 x 0.1 GEO 72.5W
2012 Jan		Move from 72.5W to 109.8W
2012 Jan 12		Mv out	1438.11 35813 x 35838 x 0.1 GEO 74.0W+0.5W/d
2012 Mar 24		Mv in	1436.14 35777 x 35797 x 0.3 GEO 109.8W
2012 Sep 1			1436.09 35770 x 35802 x 0.6 GEO 109.8W
2012 Sep 13		Move out, drift E
2012 Sep 20			1429.21 35631 x 35671 x 0.6 GE 94W+1.7E/d
2012 Oct		Lease to RSCC for Bonum services
2014 Apr 9			1436.08 35777 x 35795 x 1.5 GEO 55.9E
2014 Apr 30			1436.07 35775 x 35796 x 1.5 GEO 55.9E

The Hubble Space Telescope: From Concept to Success

 https://welib.org/md5/e30a3603879c4b7d3f716675cc86eaab