Spaceflight: January 1998

 https://welib.org/md5/a9cb98800b79d8a25f6c1fd8ee18d903

Spaceflight: May 1998

 https://welib.org/md5/3db32e36672212ba0360528b96aebdb0

Vailima Letters

 https://www.gutenberg.org/files/387/387-0.txt

Kosmos 1572

 1984-060A

---

Resurs F-1 17F41 No. 26 (Kosmos-1572) was launched in Jun 1984.

Kosmos-1572
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1984 Jun 15	0820	Launch by Soyuz-U	PL LC41
	0828	Blok-I sep	215 x 268 x 82.4
1984 Jun 17		Orbit raise	267 x 273 x 82.4
1984 Jun 21			259 x 273 x 82.4
1984 Jun 22			261 x 274 x 82.4
1984 Jun 28			260 x 273 x 82.4
1984 Jun 29
	0428?	Deorbit
	0438?	PO sep
	0447?	Entry
	0501?	Landed

The Rich Bastard's Guide to Los Angeles

 https://welib.org/md5/8559409ed30b8070d669a161647dfa87

Ekran 19

 1988-108A

---

Ekran-M 12, the second successful Ekran-M, was launched on 1988 Dec 10 by Proton from Baikonur. It operated until 1997.

Ekran-M 12
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1988 Dec 10	1154:00	Launch by Proton	KB
	1203	Stage 3 sep	162 x 166 x 51.6
	1311?	DM burn 1	334 x 35536 x 47.2
	1827?	DM burn 2
	1831?	DM sep
1988 Dec 11			1421.95 35472 x 35545 x 1.5 GEO 92.7E+3.5E
1988 Dec 16			1435.30 35740 x 35985 x 1.5 GEO 98.6E+0.2E
1988 Dec 19			1435.95 35764 x 35803 x 1.4 GEO 98.7E+0.03E
1989 Jul 13			1436.00 35775 x 35793 x 0.9 GEO 99.3E
1990 Mar 19			1436.23 35775 x 35803 x 0.3 GEO 98.9E
1992 Mar 20			1436.06 35776 x 35795 x 1.6 GEO 99.5E
1993 Jun 21			1435.96 35774 x 35793 x 2.6 GEO 99.0E
1994 Oct 29			1435.95 35776 x 35791 x 3.7 GEO 98.9E
1995 Nov 19			1436.10 35773 x 35799 x 4.5 GEO 99.7E
1996 Aug 21		on station	GEO 99E
1996 Oct 4		Small orbit raise
1996 Oct 14			1436.31 35773 x 35808 x 5.1 GEO 98.5E
1996 Nov 9			1436.44 35770 x 35817 x 5.1 GEO 96.7E+0.1W
1997 May 5			1436.83 35777 x 35824 x 5.5 GEO 67.4E+0.19W

STS-81 (Atlantis)

 1997-001A

---

STS-81 was the fourth Mir docking mission. It carried supplies for Mir in the Spacehab Double Module, and carried up Jerry Linenger to replace John Blaha.

After five days of docked operations, Atlantis made two revs around Mir and then departed. Landing at Kennedy Space Center came two days later.

STS-81
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1996 Dec 5		To VAB
1996 Dec 7		ET mate
1996 Dec 10		Rollout to LC39B
1997 Jan 12	0927:23	Launch
	0929:28	SRB sep T+125.7s
	0935:54	MECO T+511.8s	79 x 295 x 51.7
	0936	ET sep
	1010:23	OMS-2 47s 23.0m/s	89.02 157 x 295 x 51.7
	1011:11	OMS 2 CO
	1106:53	PLBD open
	1300		89.89 240 x 296 x 51.7
1997 Jan 13	0102:27	OMS-3 R 48s 22.9m/s	89.97 247 x 297 x 51.7
	0102:38	OMS-3 CO
	1137:23	RCS NC3 1m/s
	1303:03	OMS-4 NC2 10s 2m/s
	1303:55	OMS-4 CO
1997 Jan 14	0235:21	RCS NC4 1m/s	90.02 253 x 297 x 51.7
	0910:44	OMS-5 58s 29m/s	91.03 262 x 388 x 51.7
	0911:42	OMS-5 CO
	2341:15	OMS-6 NC6 63s 31m/s	92.16 370 x 389 x 51.7
	2342:19	OMS-6 CO
1997 Jan 15	0016:12	RCS NH 0.3m/s
	0113:54	OMS-7 L TI 12s 2.9m/s
	0114:06	OMS-7 CO
	0136:06	MC1
	0206:16	MC2
	0216:00	MC3
	0230	300m on R-bar
	0342	Pause at 10m
	0354:50	Docked with Mir (soft dock)
	0402:43	Hard dock
	0557	Hatch open	92.29 381 x 392 x 51.7
	0945	Blaha replaced by Linenger
1997 Jan 19			92.28 379 x 393 x 51.7
	1246	Hatch closed
1997 Jan 20	0215:24	Undocked
	0231	137 m below Mir, begin flyaround
	0241	At +Vbar, 170m
	0252	At +Rbar
	0305	At -Vbar, 170m
	0315	At -Rbar, first rev complete
	0350	At -Vbar
	0402:00	RCS sep 1.0m/s	92.25 375 x 394 x 51.7
	1353:53	OMS-8 Adjust 25s 13 m/s
	1354:18	OMS-8 CO	91.78 343 x 379 x 51.7
1997 Jan 22	0901:41	PLBD close	91.77 343 x 379 x 51.7
	1317:33	OMS DO 3:22 108.4m/s	88.06 -22 x 379 x 51.7
	1320:55	OMS DO CO
	1351:12	Entry interface
	1423:44	Landed at KSC RW33
	1423:52	NGTD
	1424:53	Wheels stop
	2030	Tow to OPF/3

Progress 10

 1980-055A

---

Progress No. 110 (11A615A15 No. 110) was launched on 1980 Jun 29 and announced as Progress-10.

Progress-10
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1980 Jun 29	0440:42	Launch by Soyuz-U	KB
	0449	Blok-I MECO
	0500		89.12 193 x 269 x 51.62
			88.97 184 x 264 x 51.6
	1700		89.06 197 x 260 x 51.6
1980 Jun 30			89.02 197 x 256 x 51.6
	1700		89.11 207 x 255 x 51.6
1980 Jul 1	0553	Docked with Salyut-6
1980 Jul 4	1200		91.14 323 x 339 x 51.6
1980 Jul 17	2221	Undocked
1980 Jul 18	0838		91.18 327 x 338 x 51.6
1980 Jul 19	0147	Deorbited
	0215?	Reentered

Town and Country: May 1998

 https://welib.org/md5/42e3acd32e2999fe6bb8617cdf375dc0

Spaceflight: February 1998

 https://welib.org/md5/56a1e1dd8faeefe5bf9111cbe7bf4451

USA-89

 1992-086B

---

USA 89 was deployed from the Shuttle in Dec 1992. Between 15 Dec 1992 14:19 UTC and 16 Dec 1992 05:27, USA 89 appears to have changed its orbit and was not seen again. The payload and its upper stage rocket were cataloged belatedly on around 18 Feb 1993; it is possible that the Dec 15 burn was only a small one analagous to the 1989 Aug 16 burn of USA 40 and the major rocket burn was in Feb 1993, two months after launch. However I'll assume that the burn was on Dec 15, with new perigee at the southernmost part of the orbit, and adopt the 2117 UTC opportunity as a fiducial case.

Object 1992-86C was tracked in a 372 x 7265 km x 56.9 deg orbit in 1997.

Object	UN Reg orbit	Doc
1992-086B	366 x 377 x 56.9	267, Feb 1993 - payload
1992-086C	366 x 377 x 56.9	267, Feb 1993 - debris or booster
1992-086F	890 x 891 x 57.0	360, Jan 1999 - debris or booster

In Jan 1999 a rocket stage part, 1992-86F, was cataloged in an 890 x 891 km x 57.0 deg orbit, as registered with the UN.

It's difficult to reconcile these two orbits. It makes sense that 1992-86C is the perigee stage, with 1992-86B using a propulsion system to reach a 12-hour Molniya orbit. The 890 km orbit may be part of a secondary payload of some kind or may be a purely fictitious orbit released by the US as misinformation, or just in error.

A set of debris objects were cataloged associated with USA 89. Despite the UN filing on 1992-086F, I speculate that they are in the perigee stage orbit.

USA 89
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1992 Dec 2	1918	DoD-1 deploy from Shuttle
1992 Dec 11.5			92.00 365x379x57.0
1992 Dec 13			92.00 364x380x57.0
1992 Dec 15	2117?	mv	372 x 7265 x 56.9
1993 Feb 18?		Upper stage burn, rocket sep
1993 Feb?		Payload burn?	372 x 38000? x 63?

Jessica’s Secret Love

 https://welib.org/md5/ffdbc8b4280e6cea056b743ff99e3cf4

Town and Country: September 1998

 https://welib.org/md5/a3072b34fd098d04b45fbfd0cf650f8b

Buran

 1988-100A

---

The Soviet Union's 11F35 Buran space shuttle made a single, unpiloted, flight in 1988 on the only orbital launch of the Energiya launch vehicle.

In 1983 the OK-ML-1 airborne test vehicle was damaged in a runway accident with the Mya-201M carrier aircraft at Zhukovskiy. The OK-ML-2 carried out low altitude atmospheric flights in 1985-1988; the OK-ML vehicles had jet engines attached.

The first flight model of Buran had the designation OK-1K.The Energiya/Buran launch vehicle was Energiya-Buran No. 1L. Launch was from the LC110L pad, previously used for N-1 moon rocket launches.

The Buran craft was made up of several modules:

• MK (Modul' kabini) Crew module

• NChF (Nosovim chast' fiszelata), nose section

• SChF (Sredniy chast' fizelyata), lower section

• KhChF (Khostovoy ChF), tail section

• Kil', tail fin

• Krilo, wings

• ODU engines, two at 90 kN.

• Uprav. Dvig., 38 at 4 kN.

• Verniers, 8 at 0.2 kN, 265s SI.

• Emergency sep solid motors, 4 at 28 kN, tot. 35 kNs.

The 17D11 propulsion system had 2 17D12 engines (modified Blok DM engine), 38 17D15 thrusters and 8 RDMT-200K thrusters.

The SChF/KhChF assembly together are F-2. Test models had VRDU (Vosdushno raektivnaya dvigatelnaya ustanovka) air breathing engines, but the space models did not.The following flight schedule is based on the discussion by Hendricks:

Buran flight schedule 1988
Date	Flight	Orbiter	Payload
1988	1K1	OK-1K	BDP 37KB No. 1
1991	2K1	OK-2K	BDP 37KB No. 2
1992?	2K2	OK-2K	BDP 37KB No. 2
1993	1K2	OK-1K	BDP 37KB No. 1
1993	3K1	OK-3K	37KBE
1994	3K2	OK-3K	37KBI No. 1
1994	4K1	OK-4K	37KBI No. 2

The deorbit burn was made over the S Pacific half an orbit before landing; entry at 100km was over the W coast of Africa at about 10N.

Buran
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1988 Nov 15	0259:53	Strapons and core ignition
	0300:01	Launch by Energiya	KB LC110
	0302:23	RD-170 cutoff
	0302:25	Strapons sep, 53 km
	0306:58	Blok A strapons impact 426 km range
	0307:47	RD-0120 core MECO
	0308:02	Energiya sep, 160 km	11 x 154 x 51.6
	0311:28	Buran OMS ignition, sep T+2:30, 67 s burn, 67m/s
	0312:35	OMS CO	154? x 232? x 51.6
	0346:07	OMS second burn, circ, 42s, 42 m/s
	0346:49	OMS CO; Orbit insertion	89.53 247 x 256 x 51.61
	0347?	Core reentry over 133W 43S?
	0520:07	Deorbit burn 158s 162 m/s
	0522:45	OMS CO	-270? x 250? x 51.6
	0550	Entry
	0553	LOS, 90 km
	0611	AOS, 50 km, range 550 km
	0624:43	Landed at Baikonur
	0625:24	Wheels stop

Satcom 4

 1982-004A

---

RCA Americom's Satcom 4 satellite was launched in 1982. It was known as RCA C1 or RCA-C' before launch (not to be confused with the later GE Satcom C-1).

Satcom 4
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1982 Jan 16	0155	Launch by Delta 3910	CC LC17A
		T+0:57 SRM 1-6 burnout
		T+1:02 SRM 7-9 burn
		T+1:09 SRM 1-6 sep
		T+1:59 SRM 7-9 burnout
		T+2:05 SRM 7-9 sep
		T+3:43 MECO	-4100? x 150?
		T+3:51 St 1 sep
		T+3:56 St 2 SES-1
	0159	T+4:01 Fairing 130 km
	0203	T+8:56 SECO-1	-747 x 297 x 27.4
		Apogee 298 km
	0214	T+19:45 St 2 sep
	0215	T+20:23 St 3 TES 86s
	0216	T+21:48 TECO
	0217	St 3 perigee
	0218	T+23:43 St 3 sep
1982 Jan 16	0215	PAM-D sep	635 194 x 35900 x 27.4
1982 Jan 17			633.45 199 x 35909 x 27.4
1982 Jan 19	1953	AKM GEO 103E dr	1432.5 35515 x 35923 x 0.04
1982 Jan 28		On station	GEO 83W
1982 Feb 2			1436.13 35778 x 35796 x 0.2 GEO 83.0W
1984 Mar 3			1436.16 35775 x 35800 x 0,1 GEO 83.1W
1987 Apr 25			1436.11 35786 x 35787 x 0.1 GEO 83.1W
1987 Dec 11			1436.03 35762 x 35808 x 0.1 GEO 82.8W
1987 Dec 14		move to 82W	1435.56 35763 x 35788 x 0.0 GEO 82.2W
1988 Jan 7			1436.18 35782 x 35791 x 0.1 GEO 82.1W
1989 Nov 2			1436.14 35777 x 35797 x 0.0 GEO 82.0W
1991 Jan 31			1436.09 35777 x 35795 x 0.0 GEO 82.0W
1991 Oct		end of ops	GEO 82W
1991 Dec 5			1436.17 35766 x 35809 x 0.1 GEO 82.1W
1991 Dec 6		orbit raise
1991 Dec 8		orbit raise	1446.05 35965 x 35997 x 0.1 GEO 86.4W+2.5W
1991 Dec 25			1445.99 35960 x 35999 x 0.2 GEO 126.1W+2.5W

STS-79 (Atlantis)

 1996-057A

---

The STS-79 stack was rolled to the pad in June 1996, but while Columbia was still in orbit it was discovered that the SRBs on STS-78 showed some hot gas damage. While managers were deciding whether the new field joint adhesive was to blame and contemplating using the STS-80 boosters instead, Hurricane Bertha forced a rollback to the VAB. Shortly afterwards, it was decided to go ahead with the SRB swap.

After another rollback to avoid Hurricane Fran, STS-79 was finally launched on Sep 16. The SRB joints were fine, but post flight inspection showed unusual gouges in the insulation of the nozzle of the right SRB. Shortly after MECO, APU number 2 failed which caused discussion about the possiblility of a shortened flight; in the end, managers decided to press ahead and the other two APUs had no problems. Atlantis docked with the SO on Mir on Sep 19, carefully avoiding the new solar panel on Kvant which hadn't been there during STS-76 and which extended to less than 5 meters from the orbiter's nose. A few hours later the crew greeted Lucid and the Russians in the Mir station.

Over the next few days, the crew transferred 1500 kg of cargo and 600 kg of water to Mir, and took 1000 kg of equipment and experiment samples back to Atlantis for return to Earth. The Orlan DMA-18 spacesuit was also stowed in the Spacehab. Later on Sep 19, Blaha officially replaced Lucid as part of the Mir crew.

STS-79
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1996 Jun 24		Tow to VAB
1996 Jun 25		ET mate
1996 Jul 1		Rollout to LC39A
1996 Jul 10		Rollback to VAB
1996 Aug 2		OV demate
1996 Aug 3	0600	OV tow to OPF/3
1996 Aug 13		OV tow to VAB
1996 Aug		OV mate to ET/SRB
1996 Aug 21		Rollout to LC39A
1996 Sep 4	0921	Rollback to VAB/3 (Hurricane Fran)
1996 Sep 5	0651	Rollout to LC39A
1996 Sep 16	0854:49	Launch
	0857:51	SRB sep T+2:02
	0903:24	MECO T+8:33
	0903:43	ET sep	82 x 296 x 51.6
	0908	APU 2 shutdown
	0937:42	OMS 2 48s 23m/s	89.01 157 x 293 x 51.65
	0938:30	OMS 2 CO
	1026	PLBD open
	1209	Deploy radiators
	1235:23	OMS-3 NC1 53s 26m/s Raise perigee
	1236:16	OMS 3 CO
	1245		89.89 244 x 293 x 51.65
1996 Sep 17	0051:39	NC2 OMS-4 10s 2m/s
	0100		89.97 247 x 298 x 51.64
1996 Sep 18	0029	NC4 RCS 1m/s
	0600		90.01 251 x 298 x 51.65
	1137:32	NC5 OMS-5 46s 22m/s	90.82 252 x 376 x 51.65
	2300:21	NC6 OMS-6 70s 35m/s	92.05 371 x 378 x 51.65
	2335:40	NCC RCS
1996 Sep 19	0032:58	TI burn OMS-7(L) 13s 3m/s	92.16 375 x 385 x 51.65
	0107	Tally ho Mir
	0139	At 3 km
	0153	On +R bar
	0234	At 150 ft
	0303	Stationkeep at 10m
	0309?	Resume approach
	0311	6m and closing
	0313:20	Docking SO
	0318	Retract ODS
	0321:18	Hard dock
	0350		92.19 375 x 388 x 51.65
	0541	Hatch open
	1100	Formal crew exchange, Blaha to EO-22
1996 Sep 20	1400		92.19 376 x 386 x 51.65
1996 Sep 23	0400		92.19 374 x 388 x 51.65
	1225	Hatch closed
1996 Sep 24	0131:48	Undocked from Mir SO
	0131:55	RCS undocking
	0150	Back off to 120 m
	0207	Mir flyaround 1
	0236	Mir flyaround 2 (half circuit)
	0330		92.16 373 x 387 x 51.65
	0336:49	Sep burn RCS 11s
	1655:57	RCS +x 10s for MSX
	2200		92.17 373 x 388 x 51.65
1996 Sep 25	0550	DTO 837 RCS 18:44 Test vernier burn for HST reboost, 2m/s
	0700		92.09 368 x 385 x 51.65
1996 Sep 26	0828	PLBD closed
	1106:14	OMS DO 3:16 104.8m/s
	1109:30	OMS DO CO	19 x 378 x 51.6
	1141:23	Entry interface 118 km
	1213:15	MGTD KSC RW15, 10:03:18:26
	1213:21	Drag chute
	1213:29	NGTD
	1213:58	Chute sep
	1214:17	Wheels stop

Kosmos 2352

 1998-036A

---

Six Strela-3 satellites were launched in June 1998. The S5M third stage seems to have burned in slightly the wrong direction, leaving the satellites in a more elliptical orbit than usual. The error was due to incorrect commanding of the upper stage.

Kosmos-2352
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1998 Jun 15	2258:05	Launch by Tsiklon-3	PL LC32/1
		T+2:00 St 1 sep
		T+3:33 GO sep
		T+4:38? St 2 sep
		T+6:00? S5M burn 1
	2305	T+7:36? S5M MECO-1
	2340?	T+42? S5M MECO-2
	2340?	3 sats sep
	2341?	T+43? 3 sats sep
			118.03 1310 x 1875 x 82.59
1998 Jun 16	0015	T+1:17:00 First apogee over 1W 52S

The Hamptons Handbook

https://welib.org/md5/c92b0197e8c82f0359638cb229fcb2bc

Raduga 11

 1982-113A

---

Raduga (Gran’) No. 21 was launched to the 35E Statsionar 2 position in Nov 1982.

Raduga No. 21
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1982 Nov 26	1410	Launch by Proton-K	KB
	1419	Stage 3 sep
	1530?	DM burn 1
	2046?	DM burn 2
	2050?	DM sep
1982 Nov 26			1479.95 35832 x 37449 x 1.2 GEO 96.1E+10.7W
1982 Nov 27	0515	Proton rocket reentered over 48N, 100W
1982 Dec 5			1436.28 35777 x 35802 x 1.2 GEO 35.8E+0.05W
1983 Apr 5			1436.05 35514 x 36056 x 1.0 GEO 33.7E
1983 Dec 29			1435.97 35776 x 35791 x 0.4 GEO 34.6E
1985 Jan 13			1436.28 35782 x 35797 x 0.7 GEO 34.5E
1986 Mar 28			1436.26 35779 x 35800 x 1.7 GEO 34.9E
1987 Sep 5			1435.88 35772 x 35792 x 3.1 GEO 35.9E
1988 Aug 16			1436.12 35780 x 35794 x 4.0 GEO 34.7E
1989 Jan 16			1435.98 35775 x 35793 x 4.3 GEO 34.8E
1989 Jan 17		orbit raise	1473.87 36355 x 36690 x 4.4
1993 Apr 10			1437.78 36317 x 36724 x 8.1

Kosmos 2334

 1996-052A

---

Kosmos-2334 was launched in Sep 1996.

Kosmos-2334
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1996 Sep 5	1247:39	Launch by 11K65M	PL
		T+2:10 St 1 MECO
		T+2:12 St 1 sep
	1249	T+2:12 St 2 burn 59km
	1250	T+2:27 Fairing sep 76km
	1255	T+8:03 St 2 MECO 150 km	150 x 1003? x 83
	1349	T+1:02:19 St 2 MES2
	1350	T+1:02:30 St 2 MECO2
	1350	T+1:03 St 2 sep

DFH-1

  1970-034A 

---

The radio transmitter on China's first satellite played the anthem 'East is Red' (Dong Fang Hong), which was also the name of the satellite - Dong Fang Hong Yi Hao or DFH-1. It was launched by a Chang Zheng 1 (Long March) rocket from the Jiuquan space center. Internally the project was designated Project 651. Western sources labelled the satellite PRC-1 or Mao-1.

DFH-1
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1970 Apr 24	1335	Launch by Chang Zheng 1	Jiuquan
	1336	T+1:00 Stage 2 burn
	1338	T+3:00? Stage 2 burnout
	1339?	Stage 2 sep
	1341	TLE over JQ
	1342?	Stage 3 burn	-5300? x 440 x 68.4
	1343?	Stage 3 burnout
	1348	Stage 3 sep	114.1 441 x 2386 x 68.4
		Stage 3 balloon inflated
1970 May 22?		End of transmissions