Start-1

 1993-014A

---

The test launch of Start carried an EKA test satellite for the Moscow Institute for Thermal Technology, in collaboration with the IVK Group holding company. The satellite had a mass of 260 kg.

The post-boost propulsion system is on the forward end of the fourth stage, but remains attached to it. The post-boost stage uses a solid propellant gas generator.

EKA-1
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1993 Mar 25	1315:27	Launch by Start-1	PL silo
	1315:29	Out of silo, ignition
	1316:48	Stage 1 sep, Stage 2 on (T+1:21)
	1317:48	Stage 2 sep, Stage 3 on (T+2:21)
	1318:49	Stage 3 cutoff (T+3:22)
	1324:04	Stage 4 on (T+8:37)
	1324:57	Stage 4 cutoff (T+9:30)
		DS burn
	1325:49	Stage 4 sep (T+10:22)	682 x 933 x 75.6
			682 x 970 x 75.6

Kosmos 540

  1972-104A

---

Kosmos-540, a Strela-2 comsat, was launched on 1972 Dec 25 from Plesetsk. It entered the same orbital plane as Kosmos-494, plane B.

Kosmos-540
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1972 Dec 25	2305:01	Launch by 11K65M	PL
	2307?	Stage 2 burn
	2313?	Stage 2 coast
	2339?	Stage 2 burn 2
	2339?	Stage 2 sep
1972 Dec 29	0530		100.79 781 x 810 x 74.08

Kosmos 495

  1972-044A

---

Kosmos-495 was launched in Jun 1972 from Plesetsk to a 65.4 degree orbit. The mission lasted 13 days.

Kosmos-495
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1972 Jun 23	1119:57	Launch by 11A57	PL
	1124	Blok-I burn
	1128	Blok-I sep
1972 Jun 24	1054		89.28 201 x 276 x 65.4
1972 Jun 24	1200		89.30 202 x 278 x 65.41 (RAE)
1972 Jun 26	2225		89.25 199 x 274 x 65.4
		Lower orbit
1972 Jun 28	1131		89.40 170 x 319 x 65.4
1972 Jun 5	1314		89.21 167 x 303 x 65.4
1972 Jul 5		Engine sep
1972 Jul 6	0402?	Retrofire
	0412?	PO sep
	0416?	Entry
	0437?	Landed

Sweetapple High: a reskin of an old idea of mine based on Francine Pascal’s original concept for Sweet Valley High.

Setting

 - Sweetapple,on the northern coast of California. Close enough to the coast that they still have regular beach access.

  - 1980 or so.

Characters

  - Elizabeth Wakefield,the good triplet. Runs The Oracle,the school paper.

   - Jessica Wakefield,the bad triplet. Canon characterization.

    - Laura Wakefield,sort of both. Sort of an Olivia Davidson analogue,if Olivia was a Wakefield and inherited Ned’s dark hair.

   - Steven Wakefield,their brother. A freshman at Sweet Apple College.

     - Helen Bradley,his girlfriend. Possibly biracial.

- Annie and Steven Wakefield Sr,their parents.

- Winston Egbert,our protagonist. Still a geek.

  - Chloe and Samantha Egbert,his twin sisters. 3 years younger than him.

- Kara Walker,his girlfriend.

- Alexandra “call me Alex!” Rollins,a functional equivalent of Enid.

- Manny Fernandez,her boyfriend.

 

- Amy Sutton,the rich girl in town. Takes the place of Lila Fowler in canon.

- Lila Fowler,here Amy’s chief beta bitch.

- Hope Arnett,another of Amy’s beta bitches.

- Betsy “call me Liz!” Martin,ditto.

- Caroline Pearce,ditto.

 

- Lindsay Larson,chief singer of the Droids.

- Ellie Mayer,drummer.

- Jinx Dellon,bassist and Lindsay’s boyfriend.

- Maria Pascal,the cheer captain.

- Josie West,Maria’s co-captain.

- Sandra Barrett,a cheerleader.

- Susan Stewart,a cheerleader.

- Mandy Miller,a cheerleader.

- Peggy Abbot,a cheerleader.

 

- Terry Porter,a jock. Friendly with Elizabeth.

- Julie Porter,fraternal twin sister of Terry,Elizabeth’s best friend.

- Janice Porter,their older sister.

Kosmos 1699

 1985-101A

---

Kosmos-1699 was launched one week after the landing of the previous mission. For the first month the usual circa 170 x 350 km orbital regime was used, but in December the satellite was operated in a less elliptical orbit of circa 180 x 295 km.

Kosmos-1699
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1985 Oct 25	1440	Launch by Soyuz	PL
	1444	Blok-A sep
	1448	Blok-I sep
1985 Oct 25			89.55 167 x 337 x 67.1
1985 Nov 4			88.90 157 x 282 x 67.1
1985 Nov 4		Orbit raise	89.73 160 x 361 x 67.1
1985 Nov 12			89.03 152 x 301 x 67.1
1985 Nov 13		SpK-1 fiducial
	0644?	Deorbit
	0654?	Entry
	0706?	Landed
1985 Nov 13		Orbit raise	89.82 166 x 364 x 67.1
1985 Nov 20			89.29 160 x 319 x 67.1
1985 Nov 21			90.21 207 x 362 x 67.1
1985 Nov 22		Orbit raise	89.78 179 x 347 x 67.1
1985 Nov 25			89.63 178 x 333 x 67.1
1985 Dec 3		SpK-2 fiducial
	2349?	Deorbit
	2359?	Entry
	0011?	Landed
1985 Dec 4			89.19 174 x 294 x 67.1
1985 Dec 4		Orbit raise	89.28 182 x 295 x 67.1
1985 Dec 8			89.10 179 x 280 x 67.1
1985 Dec 8		Orbit raise	89.28 181 x 296 x 67.1
1985 Dec 15			88.90 174 x 265 x 67.1
1985 Dec 16		Orbit raise	89.34 180 x 303 x 67.1
1985 Dec 22			89.00 176 x 273 x 67.1
1985 Dec 23
	1915?	Deorbit	-188? x 247
	1927?	Entry
	1939?	Landed

Kosmos 929

 1977-066A

---

The first TKS test flight, Kosmos-929, used VA No. 009/2, the third model 009 flight article. The analysis of Philip Clark suggests a VA landing around 1954 UTC on Aug 16 or 1931 UTC on Aug 17; I prefer the latter date which is consistent with the 17 Aug date given in Khrunichev's 90-year history.

Kosmos-929
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1977 Jul 17	0900	Launch by Proton	KB
	0909	Stage 3 MECO
	0909	Stage 3 sep
1977 Jul 17			89.45 214 x 279 x 51.6
1977 Jul 29			89.18 207 x 260 x 51.6
1977 Jul 30			89.23 208 x 264 x 51.6
1977 Jul 31			89.18 208 x 259 x 51.6
1977 Aug 2			89.26 209 x 267 x 51.6
1977 Aug 14			88.63 191 x 222 x 51.6
1977 Aug 17
	2017?	VA sep
	2020?	Deorbit
	2030?	BSO sep
	2038?	Entry
	2115?	Landing
1977 Aug 18			89.01 219 x 232 x 51.6
1977 Aug 19			90.82 311 x 317 x 51.6
1977 Aug 23			90.84 312 x 319 x 51.6
1977 Aug 26			90.93 314 x 325 x 51.6
1977 Aug 31			90.91 313 x 324 x 51.6
1977 Aug 31			90.94 313 x 328 x 51.6
1977 Sep 29			90.80 309 x 318 x 51.6
1977 Oct 20			90.66 303 x 310 x 51.6
1977 Dec 4			90.29 283 x 293 x 51.6
1977 Dec 9			90.43 289 x 301 x 51.6
1977 Dec 12			90.39 287 x 299 x 51.6
1977 Dec 15			90.41 288 x 300 x 51.6
1977 Dec 18			90.40 284 x 303 x 51.6
1977 Dec 20			93.45 438 x 447 x 51.6
1978 Jan 30			93.43 436 x 447 x 51.6
1978 Feb 2
	0208?	Deorbit (guess)
	0243?	Entry
	0250?	Impact S Pacific

Kosmos 631

  1974-005A

---

Kosmos-631 was a Tselina-OM satellite launched in Feb 1974.

Kosmos-631
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1974 Feb 6	0043?	Launch by 11K65M	PL
	0045?	S3 burn
	0051?	S3 coast
	0116?	S3 burn 2
	0116?	S3 sep
1974 Feb 9	1200		95.31 521 x 545 x 74.0
1980 Oct 3		Reentered

Kosmos 1897

 1987-096A

---

Kosmos-1897 was stationed at 95E from 1987 to mid-1988. It was moved to 12E from 1988 Sep to 1989 Feb, and then back to 95E.

Kosmos-1897
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1987 Nov 26	1328:00	Launch by Proton	KB
	1337	Stage 3 sep	186 x 192 x 51.6
	1445?	T+1:17 DM burn 1	349 x 35752 x 47.4
	2001?	DM burn 2
	2005?	DM sep
1987 Nov 27			1435.13 35716 x 35819 x 1.4 GEO 90.6E+0.2E
1987 Dec 1			1435.04 35714 x 35817 x 1.4 GEO 91.5E+0.3E
1987 Dec 12		mv in	1435.89 35747 x 35817 x 1.4 GEO 94.6E
1987 Dec 29			1436.00 35748 x 35821 x 1.4 GEO 95.1E
1988 Jun 25			1435.97 35771 x 35797 x 0.9 GEO 94.9E
1988 Jul 24			1436.12 35778 x 35796 x 0.8 GEO 95.3E
1988 Aug 1		mv out	1447.33 35998 x 36014 x 0.8 GEO 77.4E+2.8W
1988 Sep 6		mv in	1436.03 35771 x 35799 x0.7 GEO 11.6E
1989 Jan 25			1436.05 35771 x 35799 x 0.4 GEO 11.6E
1989 Feb 5		mv out	1417.29 35405 x 35429 x 0.3 GEO 33.2E+4.8E
1989 Feb 27		mv in	1436.31 35755 x 35826 x 0.3 GEO 95.6E
1989 Jun 28			1436.06 35759 x 35812 x 0.1 GEO 95.4E
1990 Mar 28			1436.04 35782 x 35788 x 0.8 GEO 95.5E
1990 Oct 20			1436.06 35772 x 35799 x 1.3 GEO 95.3E
1991 Jul 4			1436.04 35776 x 35794 x 1.9 GEO 95.4E
1992 Jan 26			1436.22 35772 x 35806 x 2.3 GEO 95.1E

Kosmos 293

  1969-071A

---

The fourth Gektor was launched in Aug 1969. It used the summer 51.8 degree inclination slot.

Kosmos-293
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1969 Aug 16	1159:59	Launch by 11A57	KB
	1204	Blok-I burn
	1209	Blok-I sep
	1900		89.14 207 x 256 x 51.8
1969 Aug 20	0153		89.09 205 x 252 x 51.8
1969 Aug 20	1019?	Blok-I reentered
1969 Aug 27	2337		88.90 200 x 239 x 51.8
1969 Aug 28	1000?	Retrofire
	1019?	Landed

Aviation Week: September 1,1997

 https://welib.org/md5/c2d4b53c636fa581aa61c845fb8af4af

Kosmos 1440

 1983-009A

---

17F41 No. 20 flew a 14 day mission in Feb 1983, the first winter Resurs F mission.

Kosmos-1440
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1983 Feb 10	0715	Launch by Soyuz-U	PL LC41
	0723	Blok-I sep	89.44 213 x 278 x 82.4
1983 Feb 11		Orbit raise	89.88 259 x 275 x 82.3
1983 Feb 21			89.84 258 x 273 x 82.3
1983 Feb 22			89.88 260 x 275 x 82.3
1983 Feb 24			89.86 259 x 274 x 82.3
	0317?	Deorbit
	0327?	PO sep
	0336?	Entry
	0350?	Landed

Town and Country: September 1997

 https://welib.org/md5/4f68e8300c8d28cd81092ff5da1a5d89

Hipparcos

 1989-062B

---

The HIPPARCOS (High Precision Parallax Collecting Satellite) mission was a landmark project to obtain accurate positional data on the stars. It carried a special dual Baker-Schmidt astrometric telescope. The satellite was named after Hipparcos of Rhodes ( about 180 to 120 BC?), who made the first known accurate star catalog.

The MAGE 2 apogee motor was intended to place the spacecraft in geostationary orbit; it was to have been stationed at 12 deg W. The satellite consisted of the ABM, the bus module with solar arrays, the PLMA telescope system, and a sunshade structure.

After failure of the apogee motor to fire, the hydrazine propulsion system was used to adjust the orbital period and the mission was redesigned to use the elliptical orbit, using an adjusted orbital period that was a multiple of the 128min scanning period.

The telescope was a 0.29m-primary with a 0.9 deg field of view; the primary detection system had a 38 arcsec diameter field of view. It operated in the 3750-7500A band. The Tycho star mapper had B and V filters.

Hipparcos
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1989 Aug 8	2325:53	Launch by Ariane (V33)	CSG
		T+0:03 PAP on
		T+1:06 PAP sep
		T+2:29 PAL sep
		T+3:45 St 1 sep
		T+3:37 St 2 MES
	2330:39	T+4:46 Fairing
		T+5:54 St 2 sep
	2331:43	T+5:50 St 3 MES
	2343:44	T+17:51 Stage 3 MECO
	2346:25	T+20:32 TVsat sep
	2349:	T+23:02 Spelda sep
	2349:36	T+23:07 Hipparcos sep
1989 Aug 9	0530?	Apo 1
	1000?	Peri 1
	1600?	Apo 2
	2030?	Peri 2
1989 Aug 10	0200?	Apo 3
	0700?	Peri 3
	1200?	Apo 4 over 20W
1989 Aug 10	1214:00	MAGE ABM failed to fire, Apo 4
	1730?	Peri 4
	2145	Slew to attitude for Apo 6 attempt
	2300?	Apo 5
1989 Aug 11	0400?	Peri 5
	0900?	Apo 6
1989 Aug 11	0910	ABM failed on 2nd attempt, Apo 6
	0915?	Failed attempt
	0925	Failed attempt
	101	Attitude for Apo 8
	1430?	Peri 6
	2000?	Apo 7
1989 Aug 12	0100?	Peri 7
	0600?	Apo 8
	1130?	Peri 8
	1700?	Apo 9
	2200?	Peri 9
1989 Aug 13	0300?	Apo 10 over 119E
	0830?	Peri 10
	1351:00	Apo 11 over 39W; Attempt 3 fails
	1900?	Peri 11
1989 Aug 13			628.32 221 x 35622 x 7.0
1989 Aug 14
	0000?	Apo 12
	0530?	Peri 12
	1000?	Apo 13 over 6E
	1600?	Peri 13
	2030	Apo 14
1989 Aug 15	0230?	Peri 14
	0700?	Apo 15 over 51E
	1300?	Peri 15
	1700?	Apo 16 over 103W
	2300?	Peri 16
1989 Aug 16	0400?	Apo 17 over 96E
	0930	Peri 17
	1400	Apo 18 over 58W
	2000?	Peri 18
1989 Aug 17	0100?	Apo 19 over 141E
	0630?	Peri 19
	1100?	Apo 20 over 13W
1989 Aug 17	1200	Attempt 4 fails over 20W
	1700?	Peri 20
	2200?	Apo 21 over 174W
1989 Aug 21	1010s	Attempt 5 due
1989 Aug 22		Attempt 6 due
1989 Aug 28			627.90 245 x 35577 x 7.0
1989 Sep 5			627.80 241 x 35576 x 7.0
1989 Sep 6	1200	Despin from 37 to 30 rpm
1989 Sep 7	1030:00	Burn 1, raise perigee 98 km	339? x 35580? x 7.0
1989 Sep 8	0725	Burn 2, raise perigee 102 km	448 x 35580? x 7.0
1989 Sep 11	0914	Burn 3, working orbit	532 x 35800? x 7.0
		Despin to 10 rpm
1989 Sep 12	0502	Solar panels deployed
1989 Sep 12		Fill-in antenna deployed
1989 Sep 14	1422:30	Burn 4, orbit adjust
1989 Sep 18	1352	Final burn
1989 Sep 19		Hydrazine venting initiated
1989 Sep 29		Hydrazine venting completed
1989 Sep 23		3-axis stabilized
1989 Sep 26		Telescope baffles opened
1989 Nov 1		Scanning acquisition complete
1989 Nov		Calibrations
1989 Nov 26		Nominal revised mission begins
1990 Aug 7			639.23 514 x 35890 x 7.3
1992 Aug 4	1055	AOCS failed
	1830	Backup AOCS working
1993 Jun 24		OBC failure
1993 Jul 8		OBC restart attempts
1993 Aug		Engineering tests
1993 Aug 13		Spin up to 10rpm
1993 Aug 15	1600	end of ops
1996 May 4			637.43 530 x 35782 x 7.1

Payload:

• Hipparcos dual astrometric telescope

Gorizont 17

 1989-004A

---

In June 1993 Gorizont No. 29L was leased to Rimsat pending the launch of the dedicated Rimsat satellites. It was known as Tongastar 1 during this period.

Gorizont No. 29L
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1989 Jan 26	0916:00	Launch by Proton	KB
	0925	Stage 3 sep	88.30 185 x 195 x 51.6
	1033?	DM burn 1
	1549?	DM burn 2
	1553?	Blok-DM2 No. 20L sep
1989 Jan 26			1473.11 36430 x 36585 x 1.5 GEO 93.6E+9.1W
1989 Feb 1			1440.56 35784 x 35963 x 1.5 GEO 54.5E+1.1W
1989 Feb 3			1436.39 35780 x 35803 x 1.5 GEO 53.3E
1989 Mar 1			1436.10 35773 x 35800 x 1.4 GEO 52.8E
1990 Feb 6			1436.07 35780 x 35791 x 0.5 GEO 52.5E
1991 Aug 8			1436.04 35782 x 35789 x 0.9 GEO 52.6E
1993 Feb 1			1436.13 35785 x 35789 x 2.2 GEO 52.6E
1993 Jun		move out
1993 Jun		To Rimsat
1993 Jun 30			1430.32 35569 x 35777 x 2.5 GEO 103.0E+1.4E
1993 Jul 21			1434.64 35658 x 35857 x 2.5 GEO 133.4E+0.1E
1993 Aug 2		Relocated	GEO 133.5E
1993 Aug 22			1436.22 35782 x 35795 x 2.6 GEO 134.1E
1995 Jan 14			1436.30 35783 x 35797 x 3.7 GEO 134.2E
1995 Jan 20		mv out
1995 Feb 20			1439.51 35804 x 35902 x 3.8 GEO 106.5E+0.9W
1995 May 15		mv in	1436.25 35781 x 35797 x 3.9 GEO 34.1E
1995 Oct 2			1436.05 35776 x 35794 x 4.2 GEO 34.4E
1996 Nov 22			1436.04 35781 x 35789 x 5.0 GEO 33.7E
1997 Jan 15			1435.89 35776 x 35789 x 5.1 GEO 34.3E

Fleetsatcom 3

 1980-004A

---

FLTSATCOM F3 was launched in Jan 1980 to the Fltsatcom Atlantic position at 22W.

FLTSATCOM F3
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1980 Jan 18	0126:00	Launch by Atlas Centaur	CC LC36
		T+2:20 BECO
		T+2:23 Booster sep
		T+3:05 Insulation panels sep
		T+4:08 SECO
		T+4:17 Atlas sep
	0130:27	T+4:27 MES-1
	0130:37	T+4:38 Fairing
	0136:12	T+10:12 MECO-1	148 x 363
	0151	T+25:12 MES-2 1:38
	0152	T+26:50 MECO-2
	0155:05	T+29:05 Centaur sep
1980 Jan 18	0659		633.82 166 x 35961 x 26.4
	0700?	Apo 1 83W
	1800?	Apo 2 120E
1980 Jan 18	2252		630.50 171 x 35785 x 26.3
1980 Jan 19	0500?	Apo 3 38W
	1500?	Apo 4 165E
1980 Jan 20	0100?	Apo 5 (reported burn at 5th apo)
	1200?	Apo 6
1980 Jan 20	1300?	Star 37 burn 6th apo	1423.0
			1423.06 35405 x 35661 x 2.40
1980 Jan 24			1413.07 35014 x 35655 x 2.7 GEO 164.5W+5.9E
1980 Feb 15			1411.14 35013 x 35579 x 2.7 GEO 35.7W+6.3E
1980 Feb 18		Operational	GEO 22W
1980 Feb 22			1436.07 35744 x 35827 x 2.6 GEO 22.0W
1980 Jul 16			1436.09 35723 x 35849 x 2.4 GEO 22.5W
1981 May 12			1436.13 35751 x 35822 x 1.9 GEO 22.1W
1984 Feb 2			1436.19 35770 x 35806 x 1.5 GEO 22.9W
1986 Feb 3			1436.04 35766 x 35805 x 2.8 GEO 22.5W
1988 Nov 1			1436.17 35766 x 35810 x 5.0 GEO 23.1W
1990 Aug 20			1436.05 35691 x 35879 x 6.5 GEO 23.3W
1990 Dec 24			1436.07 35679 x 35893 x 6.8 GEO 22.4W
1990 Dec 30			1436.39 35712 x 35872 x 6.7 GEO 23.1W
1991 Jan 4			1436.19 35697 x 35871 x 6.9 GEO 22.9W
1991 Feb 25			1436.06 35700 x 35871 x 7.0 GEO 21.8W
1991 Jun 12			1436.29 35715 x 35865 x 7.2 GEO 23.9W+0.06W

Kosmos 1149

 1980-001A

---

Two-tone telemetry; medium res satellite

Kosmos-1149
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1980 Jan 9	1215	Launch by Soyuz-U	Plesetsk
	1224	Blok-I sep
1980 Jan 9			90.3 188x392x72.9
1980 Jan 15			92.3 323x420x72.9
1980 Jan 23
	0616?	Deorbit
	0625?	PO sep
	0641?	Entry
	0653?	Landed

Kosmos 959

 1977-101A

---

A Lira target was launched on 1977 Oct 21.

Kosmos-959
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1977 Oct 21	1005	Launch by 11K65M	PL
	1014?	Stage 2 MECO-1
	1014?	Stage 2 sep
1977 Oct 21			94.6 146x850x65.8
1977 Nov 30		reentered after 48d