Kosmos 1376

 1982-056A

---

17F41 No. 18, the eighth Resurs F-1 flight, was launched in Jun 1982 and named Kosmos-1376. It flew a 14 day mission.

Kosmos-1376
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1982 Jun 8	0745	Launch by Soyuz-U	PL LC43/3
	0753	Blok-I sep	89.10 217 x 240 x 82.3
1982 Jun 9			89.18 217 x 248 x 82.3
1982 Jun 10		Orbit raise	89.88 255 x 280 x 82.3
1982 Jun 12			89.88 261 x 273 x 82.3
1982 Jun 14			89.85 259 x 272 x 82.3
1982 Jun 16		Orbit trim	89.95 263 x 278 x 82.3
1982 Jun 17			89.94 262 x 278 x 82.3
1982 Jun 18		Orbit trim	90.04 263 x 288 x 82.3
1982 Jun 22			90.02 263 x 286 x 82.3
	0403?	Deorbit
	0410?	PO sep
	0424?	Entry	-151 x 261
	0436?	Landed

Kosmos 1679

 1985-078A

---

Kosmos-1679 was flown overlapping with Kosmos-1676. The satellite flew a standard mission with three orbit raise burns to restore the original orbit.

Kosmos-1679
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1985 Aug 29	1133	Launch by Soyuz	KB
	1137	Blok-A sep
	1141	Blok-I sep
1985 Aug 29			89.67 174 x 342 x 64.9
1985 Sep 7			89.23 168 x 304 x 64.9
1985 Sep 8		Orbit raise	89.78 174 x 352 x 64.9
1985 Sep 18		SpK-1 fiducial
	0601?	Deorbit
	0611?	Entry
	0622?	Landed
1985 Sep 21			89.08 166 x 291 x 64.9
1985 Sep 21		Orbit raise	89.83 174 x 357 x 64.9
1985 Oct 6		SpK-2 fiducial
	0021?	Deorbit
	0031?	Entry
	0043?	Landed
1985 Oct 7			88.96 165 x 280 x 64.9
1985 Oct 7		Orbit raise	89.74 173 x 350 x 64.9
1985 Oct 18			89.13 167 x 294 x 64.9
1985 Oct 20
	2043?	Deorbit
	2056?	Entry
	2108?	Land

Kosmos 1629

 1985-016A

---

Kosmos-1629 was placed at 77E for checkout in Mar-Apr 1985, and then at 36E for further tests in Jun-Jul 1985. It reached its operational station at 24W in Sep 1985, and lasted there for about a year before drifting off.

Kosmos-1629
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1985 Feb 21	0757	Launch by Proton	KB
	0806	Stage 3 sep
	0900?	DM burn 1
	1420?	DM burn 2
	1440?	DM sep
1985 Feb 21			1452.15 36056 x 36143 x 1.3 GEO 91.4E+4.0W
1985 Apr 4		Checkout	1436.08 35097 x 36475 x 1.2 GEO 77.4E+0.0W
1985 Apr 29		mv out	1440.19 35783 x 35950 x 1.1 GEO 55.2E+1.0W
1985 May 17			1440.09 35788 x 35941 x 1.1 GEO 36.0E+1.0W
1985 May 30		mv in	1436.08 35633 x 35939 x 1.1 GEO 35.5E
1985 Jun 28			1436.00 35757 x 35811 x 1.0 GEO 34.7E
1985 Jul 23			1435.82 35778 x 35783 x 0.9 GEO 35.9E+0.06E
1985 Jul 25		mv out
1985 Sep 6		mv in	1435.96 35782 x 35784 x 0.8 GEO 24.1W+0.03E
1986 Mar 9			1436.09 35774 x 35798 x 0.3 GEO 24.3W
1986 Oct 11		Last burn
1986 Nov?		end of tx
1986 Dec 22			1436.19 35778 x 35798 x 0.4 GEO 23.8W+0.03W
1987 Feb 9		drifting	1436.31 35777 x 35804 x 0.6 GEO 26.0W+0.06W
1989 Sep 7			1434.53 35743 x 35768 x 3.0 GEO 118.9W+0.4E
1992 Aug 7			1436.78 35783 x 35816 x 5.6 GEO 165.1W+0.2W
1995 Jan 20			1436.43 35779 x 35807 x 7.9 GEO 28.6W+0.1W

Mars Pathfinder

 1996-068A

---

Mars Pathfinder was originally part of the cancelled NASA-Ames MESUR project. It became a NASA Discovery program mission developed at JPL.

At launch the spacecraft is 2.7m wide and 1.5m high. Mass is 880 kg (795 kg dry).

The craft has eight 4 N monopropellant hydrazine thrusters from cruise propulsion. At entry. mass is 585 kg including 324 kg lander.

The EDL (entry descent and landing) system has three Thiokol Star 5D RAD motors each 7.9 kN thrust. These burn for 2.2s (before the bridle is cut).

Star 5D is 0.83l 0.12dia with 17.6 kNs impulse, 5.6kN thrust for 3.0s and 256s Isp-eff, mass 10 kg full 3 kg dry.

Entry was at 14.06 deg at 3522 km radius (125 km above the 3397 km nominal radius) over 21.831 W, 22.630N with inertial velocity 7.264 km/s and azimuth 253.1 deg. Because the entry was retrograde, the relative velocity was 7.479 km/s. This corresponds to an orbit of -11 x -9793 km x 152 deg.

Entry speed 27000 kph; MPF slows with a heat shield and then deploys a 12.7m diameter parachute. The lander then separates from the backshell, remaining attached to it by a 20m bridle (tether). The 5-m diameter cluster of airbags then inflate. The three RAD motors fire for 2.25 seconds with 7.94kN each; after 2.0 seconds the bridle is cut and the airbag-enclosed lander falls to the surface, while the rockets pull the parachute away from the landing site. MPF bounced across the surface for several minutes and about one kilometer. Then the air bags slowly deflate over three hours. The lander deploys petals to turn itself upright and deploys the six-wheeled Sojourner micro-rover.

After launch on 1996 Dec 2, MPF experienced problems with a sun sensor, but flight controllers successfully programmed a workaround. The spacecraft was inserted into a Type I fast transfer orbit to Mars. B-plane miss distance at launch was 477000 km with a closest approach at 0915 UTC on 1997 Jul 3, reduced to a 4800 km miss by TCM-1 and 2.

Landing on 1997 Jul 4 was at 19.33N, 33.55W. On Jul 6, the lander was renamed the Carl Sagan Memorial Station after the planetary scientist and science popularizer (1934-1996).

Landed mass included airbags is 370 kg.

MPF
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1996 Dec 4	0658:07	Launch	CC LC17B
	0659:10	SRM x 6 burnout
	0659:12	SRM x 3 burn
	0659:13	SRM x 6 sep
	0700:16	SRM x 3 burnout
	0700:18	SRM x 3 sep
	0702:28	MECO
	0702:34	VECO
	0702:36	Stage 1 sep
	0702:41	Stage 2 burn
	0702:46	Fairing sep
	0707:35	SECO 1	173 x 191 x 28.7
	0804:29	Stage 2 restart over KMR
	0806:01	SECO 2	177 x 3083 x 28.7
	0806:51	Spinup
	0806:54	Stage 2 sep
	0807:32	Stage 3 burn
	0808:59	Stage 3 burnout
	0813:37	Yoyo despin
	0813:42	Stage 3 sep
		Stage 2 depletion	148 x 3119 x 36.4
1996 Dec 4	1200:00	Range 76352 km
	1710	Pass EL1:4
1996 Dec 9	0940?	Pass L1 sphere
		Solar orbit	0.986 x 1.597 AU x 0.10 deg
1997 Jan 1	1200	Range to Earth 7.707Mkm
1997 Jan 10	0200	TCM-1, 90 min burn 31.2 m/s
1997 Feb 3	2300	TCM-2 1.6m/s
1997 May 7	0100	TCM-3 0.1m/s
1997 Jun 25	1700	TCM-4A 1.6s 0.02m/s
	1745	TCM-4B 2.2s
1997 Jul 1	1200	Range 1.485Mkm
1997 Jul 2	0700	MPF range 1.1 Mkm to Mars
	0845	Enter Mars sphere 1.082Mkm
1997 Jul 2	1200	Range 1.023Mkm
1997 Jul 3	1200	Range 561674 km
1997 Jul 4	0700	MPF range 195000 km to Mars
	1200	MPF range 98391 km to Mars
1997 Jul 4	1622	Cruise stage sep, E -30 min
1997 Jul 4	1651:50	E, Entry at 125 km, mass 570 kg
	1652:54s	E+1:04 Peak heating, 40 km
1997 Jul 4	1654:42	E+2:52, para deploy at 10 km, 1600 kph
1997 Jul 4	1655:02	E+3:12, heatshield sep
1997 Jul 4	1655:18	E+3:28, tether deploy
1997 Jul 4	1655:21	E+3:31, tether deployed
1997 Jul 4	1656:45	E+4:55, airbag deploy. 300m
1997 Jul 4	1656:49	E+4:59, RAD firing, 98m 225 kph
1997 Jul 4	1656:51	E+5:01 Tether and backshell sep, 21m
1997 Jul 4	1656:53	E+5:03 RAD burn ends 2.25s
1997 Jul 4	1656:55	E+5:05 Landing on Mars, 10 m/s

Explorer 43

  1971-019A

---

IMP I (Interplanetary Monitoring Platform I) was launched 1971 Mar 13 at 1615 by Delta M6 from Kennedy. Orbit insertion at 1709 was into a 353 x 204577 km x 28.8 deg orbit. Explorer 43 transmitted until reentry on 1974 Oct 2. Orbital perturbations drove the perigee upward for two years, reaching a maximum of 14000 km, and then downward until reentry.

IMP 6
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1971 Mar 13	1615:00	Launch by Delta L1	CK
		T+0:31 SRM 4-6 (Castor 2) on
		T+0:43 SRM 1-3 (Castor I) out
		T+1:10 SRM 4-6 off
		T+1:20 SRM 1-6 sep
	1618:37	T+3:37 MECO
		St 1 sep
		T+3:47 SES-1 6:07
		T+4:11 Fairing sep
	1625:03	T+10:03 SECO-1 246 km 7.754 km/s	241 x 270? x 28.7
	1708:04	T+53:04 SES-2 77.8m/s
	1708:09	T+53:09 SECO-2 240 km 7.845 km/s
	1708:41	T+53:41 St 2 sep	241 x 544 x 28.7
	1708:55	T+53:55 TES 41s
	1709:39	T+54:39 TECO
	1711:20	T+56:20 Stage 3 sep
	1715?	Yoyo despin
1971 Mar 13			353 x 204577 x 28.8
			242 x 205998 x 28.59 (TR1022)
			241 x 206049 x 28.6 (MOR Post)
			243 x 206258 x 28.69 (FirstYrRpt)
1971 Mar 14		Spin axis perpendicular to ecliptic
1971 Mar 17	1710	X,Y antennae to 1m
1971 Mar 21	2030	X,Y ant to 2m
1971 Mar 25	2350	X,Y ant to 3m; Z to 3m
1971 Mar 30	0815	X,Y to 19m
1971 Mar 31		Chicago Large Telescope failed
1971 Apr 5			5977.8 1143 x 204316 x 30.0
1971 Apr 7	1600	X,Y to 26m; X ant stuck
1971 Apr 15	1321	Y antennae to 36.5m
1971 Apr 19	1415	Y antennae to 45.7m
1971 Apr 26			5957.9 1842 x 203132 x 31.6
1971 May 10			5966.3 2390 x 202788 x 31.4
1971 Oct 14		GSFC plasma experiment activated
1971 Nov 17		End of GSFC plasma experiment ops
1972 Mar			10000 x
1973 Mar			12000 x
1974 Mar			4000 x
1974 Oct 2		Reentered

LAGEOS 2

 1992-070B

---

Lageos 2 was built by Alenia Spazio using the original Lageos drawings. It is used for geodetic research together with Lageos 1. The spacecraft was sponsored by the ASI (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana), in collaboration with NASA/GSFC. The project was begun in 1982 by the CNR/PSN (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche/Piano Spaziale Nazionale), the precursor of ASI.

Lageos 2 had a mass of 405 kg and a diameter of 0.6m. It carried 422 silica glass retroreflectors and 4 germanium retroreflectors. Mounted above the satellite at launch was the LAS (Lageos Apogee Stage), a 388 kg Mage 1SC solid motor, and a 100 kg LAS Adapter. This combination was attached to the IRIS (Italian Research Interim Stage) spinning solid stage, with a launch mass of 1534 kg, 264 kg dry. The IRIS/Lageos 2/LAS payload was installed in Aeritalia-built ASE (mass 1003 kg) in Space Shuttle Columbia's payload bay on mission STS-52. The ASE was similar in appearance to the PAM-D ASE.

Lageos 2
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1992 Oct 22	1709:40	Launch by Shuttle
1992 Oct 23	1356:40s	Spinup
	1357:24	Deploy	296 x 296 x 28.5
	1441:40	IRIS burn, dV 2099 m/s dI = 12.5 deg t = 76s
	1442:56	IRIS burnout	296 x 5900 x 41.19
	1447:29	D+00:50:05 IRIS sep
	1601:15	D+02:03:51 MAGE burn dV = 1361 m/s dI = 11
	1602	MAGE burnout
	1605:49	D+02:08:25 MAGE/LAS sep from Lageos	5614 x 5950 x 52.7
	1605:53	LAS yo weight deploy
	1609	Beacon activated

Kosmos 1366

 1982-044A

---

The Geizer No. 11L satellite was launched in May 1982 and given the reporting name Kosmos-1366.

Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1982 May 17	2350:00	Launch by Proton-K	KB
	2359	Stage 3 sep
1982 May 18	0107?	DM burn 1
	0624?	DM burn 2
	0628?	DM sep
1982 May 18			1436.94 35803 x 35803 x 1.5 GEO 90.6E+0.2W
1982 Jun 29		mv in
1982 Jul 7			1436.02 35764 x 35806 x 1.3 GEO 79.9E
1982 Nov 8			1436.17 35750 x 35825 x 1.2 GEO 80.2E
1984 Jan 5			1436.13 35741 x 35833 x 1.0 GEO 80.3E
1986 Feb 6			1436.08 35751 x 35820 x 2.6 GEO 80.2E
1987 Apr 14			1436.17 35770 x 35805 x 3.7 GEO 79.9E
1987 Oct 17			1436.39 35705 x 35879 x 4.1 GEO 80.3E+0.08W
1987 Oct 21		mv out	1436.17 35753 x 35822 x 4.1 GEO 80.0E-0.03W
1987 Oct 23		mv out	1436.26 35762 x 35816 x 4.1 GEO 79.8E-0.05W
1987 Nov 7			1436.31 35765 x 35816 x 4.2 GEO 79.1E+0.06W
1992 Jun 25			1436.19 35776 x 35800 x 8.4 GEO 68.4E+0.03W

Leasat 5

 1990-002B

---

The HS-381 bus was to be launched from the Shuttle, so when other comsat payloads were shifted to expendable vehicles, Syncom IV remained on the STS manifest. The final Syncom IV, F5 or Leasat 5, flew on the STS-32R mission in 1990.

1990-02B
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1990 Jan 10	1318:09	Deploy from OV-102
	1403:48	PKM burn (1:01)	300? x 15000?
	2046?	PKM sep	276.99 319 x 15075 x 27.2
1990 Jan 14		AKM
1990 Jan 14			1427.09 34857 x 36362 x 1.4 GEO 176.2E+2.3E
1990 Jan 18			1436.03 35264 x 36306 x 3.4 GEO 178.1E
1990 Feb		On-orbit testing	GEO 178E
1990 Feb 24			1435.87 35262 x 36302 x 3.3 GEO 178.5E
1990 Mar 2		mv out
1990 Apr 12		mv in	1436.08 35722 x 35850 x 3.2 GEO 72.1E
1990 May 22			1436.10 35729 x 35843 x 3.2 GEO 72.0E
1992 Apr 29			1436.09 35758 x 35814 x 2.7 GEO 71.5E
1994 Mar 20			1436.09 35765 x 35807 x 2.8 GEO 71.6E
1996 Oct 12			1436.09 35761 x 35811 x 3.5 GEO 71.6E
1997 Mar 16			1436.09 35773 x 35799 x 3.7 GEO 71.5E

Spaceflight: August 1997

 https://welib.org/md5/4ee524620b5ee80a22e6c4813a73b288

Behind the gold curtain : fifty years in the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra

 https://welib.org/md5/6feb7fffb9c40b60fe3ddf1d5088bad6

Spaceflight: July 1997

 https://welib.org/md5/39429d198b7ca7a603664f19736c3459

Vostok 2 (Eagle)

  1961-019A

---

3KA No. 4, Vostok-3A No. 4, with the public name Vostok-2, was launched in Aug 1961 with pilot German Stepanovich Titov. Titov completed the first spaceflight lasting more than one day, and landed near Gagarin's descent site next to the Volga. Titov was the first to eat and sleep in space; the first to take photographs from a spaceship. He was also the first victim of space motion sickness. The cabin temperature dropped by 4 degrees during the flight but otherwise the equipment worked well.

Vostok-2
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1961 Aug 6	0600	Launch by 8K72K	KB LC1
	0602	Blok BVGD sep
	0602	Fairing sep
	0605	Blok-A sep
	0605	Blok-E burn
	0611	Blok-E cutoff
			166 x 232 x 64.93
1961 Aug 7	0648?	Retro burn
	0653?	PO sep
	0711	Pilot ejected
	0715	Cabin landed
	0718	Pilot landed near Saratov, 50 51N 47 01.5E

Ranger 5

  1962-055A

---

Ranger 5 (P-38) was launched at 1659:07 on 1962 Oct 18 by Atlas Agena B from Cape Canaveral. The first Agena burn cut off at 1707:20 leaving the combination in a 188 x 188 km orbit. It coasted for 26 min and reignited at 1733:17 over Johannesburg. Agena MECO came at 1734:46 and Ranger V separated at 1737. A course correction was attempted at 0156:08 on Oct 19, but the spacecraft lost electrical power. The last transmission was at 0145 on Oct 19, although the capsule transmitter was detected for 11 days. Ranger 5 missed the Moon by 735 km at 1553:43 on 1962 Oct 21 and entered solar orbit. One year later, Ranger 5 passed close to the Earth's gravitational sphere.

Ranger 5
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1962 Oct 18	1659:07	Launch by Atlas Agena B
		Azimuth 95.6 eg
		BECO
		Booster sep
		SECO
		Atlas sep
		Agena MES-1
	1707:20	Agena MECO-1	188 x 188 x 28.3?
	1733:17	Agena MES-2
	1734:46	Agena MECO-2 at 36.6E 21.4S
	1737:23	Agena sep	217 x 558269 x 28.3
	1743:37	Agena retro
	1743:57	Agena retro burnout
1962 Oct 19	0145	Loss of power
1962 Oct 19	0156:08	TCM failed	207 x 543753 x 28.32
1962 Oct 21	1553:43	Flyby Moon 735 km
1962 Oct 21	1638:14	Occultation by Moon until 1744
1962 Oct 29		End of capsule transmission
1963 Oct 11	0739:52	Pass 1554250 km from Earth

Progress M-17

 1993-019A

---

11F615A55 No. 217 (Progress M-17) was launched in Mar 1993. The initial orbital insertion was inaccurate and a lot of fuel was used up in docking. After undocking in Aug 1993 it was left in orbit until aerodynamic decay brought its altitude low. In Mar 1994 after a year in space the vehicle was deorbited with the remaining fuel.

Progress M-17
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1993 Mar 31	0334:13	Launch by Soyuz-U	KB
	0343	Blok-I sep	88.44 179 x 214 x 51.64
		TCM rev 4
	0918		90.13 250 x 311 x 51.6
1993 Apr 1			90.16 254 x 310 x 51.6
1993 Apr 2	0516:18	Docked with Mir Kvant DP2
1993 Apr 4	1959		92.44 393 x 394 x 51.6
1993 Jun 2			92.35 388 x 390 x 51.6
1993 Jun 5	0323	Orbit adjust, 217s burn	92.40 388 x 396 x 51.6
1993 Aug		2 old ORLAN-DMA suits to M-17
1993 Aug 11	1536:42	Undocked	92.36 386 x 393 x 51.6
		Sep burn
1993 Aug 12	0033		91.97 340 x 401 x 51.6
	2159		92.00 369 x 375 x 51.6
		In orbital storage
1993 Sep 2			91.88 367 x 375 x 51.61
1994 Jan 19			90.06 230 x 324 x 51.6
1994 Feb 22			88.86 194 x 241 x 51.6
1994 Mar 2	2250		87.35 133 x 153 x 51.6
1994 Mar 3	0017		87.29 130 x 150 x 51.6
	0328	Deorbited
	0405	Reentered