Luna 18

  1971-073A

---

After Lunokhod 1, the E-8 program tried to repeat the sample return success of Luna-16 with E-8-5 No. 407 (Luna-18). However, the spacecraft crash-landed on the lunar surface during the second descent burn.

Luna-18
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
1971 Sep 2	1340:40	Launch by Proton-K	KB
	1350	Stage 3 sep
	1354?	MES-1
	1356:28	MECO-1	191 x 243 x 51.57
	1451:19	MES-2
	1459:00	MECO-2
	1503?	Blok D sep
1971 Sep 3	2140:41	TCM 2s
1971 Sep 5	2240:41	TCM 2s
1971 Sep 6	2306:29	LOI burn 241s
	2310:30	Lunar orbit insertion	117.8 73 x 125 x 35.2
1971 Sep 9	0323?	Rev 27 16.8m/s orbit correction	121.4 90 x 184 x 35.7
1971 Sep 10	0736?	Lower perigee 30.7m/s	114.7 15 x 119 x 35.4
1971 Sep 11	0742?	Aux tanks sep
1971 Sep 11	0742:21	Retrofire
	0742:28	Pitchover
	0746:42	Retro off, coast
	0747:10	Retro-2
1971 Sep 11	0747:16	Impact 3 34N 56 30E

Kosmos 2397

 2003-015A

---

Classified Russian Defense Ministry satellite launched in Apr 2003. The Proton used a 49.2 deg transfer orbit. Upper stage was 11S861 No 96L.

According to Kommersant newspaper it was a 71Kh6 US-KMO geostationary early warning satellite with a mass of 2155 kg.

Kosmos-2397
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
2003 Apr 24	0423:13	Launch by Proton/DM2 410-02	KB LC81/24
		T+2:06 St 1 sep
		T+3:03 GO sep
		T+5:30 St 2 sep
		T+9:34 St 3 MECO
	0433	T+9:44 Stage 3 sep
	0536	T+1:13:25 Blok DM-2 MES-1
	0543	T+1:20:28 DM MECO-1	x 49.2
	1057	T+6:33:49? SOZ burn
	1057	T+6:33:49 DM MES-2
	1100	T+6:37:02 DM MECO-2
	1100	T+6:37:17 DM sep
2003 Apr 24			1442.71 35887 x 35944 x 2.4
2003 May 29			1442.30 35886 x 35929 x 2.2 GEO 34.4E+1.5W
2003 Jun 5		brake	1439.35 35774 x 35926 x 2.3 GEO 24.3E+0.8W
2003 Jun 21		mv	1433.16 35558 x 35899 x 2.2 GEO 36.0E+0.7E
2003 Sep 5			1433.00 35544 x 35907 x 2.0 GEO 94.8E+0.8E
2004 Feb 15			1433.22 35548 x 35911 x 1.6 GEO 152W+0.7E
2004 Aug 26			1433.44 35556 x 35912 x 1.1 GEO 8.4W+0.7E

TES/Proba-1

 2001-049A

---

Technology (or Test) Evaluation Satellite.

ISRO imaging satellite to develop Indian reconnaissance capability. The TES project began in 1999 as a response to inadequate intelligence about a Pakistani incursion into Kashmir. 500 km orbit by PSLV. The satellite featured high torque reaction wheels and miniaturized power and control systems, as well as a new camera, a new propellant tank and reaction control systems. The satellite had 1-meter resolution and used a camera with about 70cm aperture.

\imps{2.5}{images/01049A002}

Mass is 1108 kg; launched with 94 kg PROBA and 92 kg BIRD. BIRD and PROBA are mounted on side platforms on the PS4 stage. TES was still operating in 2005 according to the 2005 ISRO report, and the 2015 Rao book implies it was still functioning after 14 years in space.

TES
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
2001 Oct 22	0453:00	Launch by PSLV	SHAR
		T+0:25 PSOM 3-4 burn
		T+1:06 PSOM 1-2 sep 24 km
		T+1:30 PSOM 3-4 sep 43 km
		T+1:52 Stage 1 sep 61 km
		T+1:53 Stage 2 MES 68 km
		T+2:36 Fairing 118 km
		T+4:39 Stage 2 sep 241 km
	0457	T+4:40 Stage 3 burn 242 km
		Stage 3 MECO, coast 445 km
	0501	T+8:20 Stage 3 sep
		T+8:35 Stage 4 burn 456 km
	0508	T+15:12 Stage 4 cutoff 571 km
	0509	T+16:10 Deploy TES	550 x 579 x 97.8
	0509:49	T+16:50 Deploy BIRD
		T+17? Stage 4 RCS burn 8:20
	0520	T+27:38 Deploy Proba

Payload:

• PAN Camera, two-mirror on-axis optics, 1-m resolution

2001-049B

---

ESA smallsat with mass 100 kg, size 0.6 x 0.6 x 0.8m. 1200 km polar orbit by ISRO PSLV Jun 2000. To test satellite autonomy and microprocessor. Contractor is Verheart Design and Development NV of Kruibeke, Belgium using the MiniSIL bus of SI/Newbury-England. Control by SAS/Belgium via Redu.

The satellite was redesignated an ESA Earth Observation 'third party mission' after its techology mission was complete.

Proba
Date	Time	Event	Orbit
2001 Oct 22	0453	Launch
2005 Oct		Still operating

Payload:

• CHRIS Imaging spectrometer 4500A-1.0mu

• SREM Radiation monitor

• DEBIE Orbital Debris evaluation (dust impact detectors)

• HRC High Res Camera, 10m res

• WAC Wide Angle Camera