1971-045A
The first of the new generation planetary probes to leave Earth orbit was M-71 (3M) No. 171, launched in May 1971. It was named Mars-2.
Mars-2 released its landing capsule on Nov 27 and then entered Mars orbit. It operated for almost a year.
| Mars-2 | |||
| Date | Time | Event | Orbit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1971 May 19 | 1622:44 | Launch by Proton | KB |
| 1625 | Stage 1 sep | ||
| 1627 | Stage 2 sep | ||
| 1632 | Stage 3 MECO | ||
| 1632 | Stage 3 sep | ||
| 1636 | Blok-D burn | ||
| 1638? | Blok-D MECO-1 | ||
| 1745? | Blok-D MES-2 | ||
| 1750? | Blok-D MECO-2 | ||
| 1752? | Blok-D sep | ||
| 1971 Jun 5 | TCM-1 | ||
| 1971 Nov 20 | TCM-2 | ||
| 1971 Nov 27 | Mars approach 70000 km | 2350 x Inf | |
| 1971 Nov 27 | 1550? | SA sep | |
| 1971 Nov 27 | 1800? | TCM <100m/s | 1380 x Inf |
| 1971 Nov 27 | 2019 | MOI 1.190 km/s | 1078.0 1380 x 25000 x 48.9 |
| 1972 Aug 22 | End of transmissions | ||
The Mars-2 Spuskaemiy Apparat (Mars-2 Descent Craft) separated from the Mars-2 orbital module on 1971 Nov 27 during its approach to the Red Planet.
The SA separates from the OB. The TDU (braking engine) ignites, sending the SA on an entry trajectory. The SA orients to put the TE (teplovoy ekran, heat shield) forwards. The DU separates. After entry, parachute deploys and TE separates. When the altimeter indicates 20m, the DMP (solid fuel soft landing engine) is deployed on the main parachute. After landing, the upper heatshield is jettisoned and the four petals open to reveal the camera.
SA entry speed is 5.80 km/s. Mass of the SA is 358 kg at landing.
In this case, a software error caused an incorrect braking burn and the pericenter was too small, causing a steep reentry angle and impact prior to parachute deployment.
| Mars-2 SA | |||
| Date | Time | Event | Orbit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1971 Nov 27 | 1550? | Separate from Mars-2 | |
| 1605? | DU burn | ||
| 1971 Nov 27 | 2019? | Entry | |
| 2022 | Impact Mars, 45S 302W | ||
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