1973-085A
The Mariner Venus Mercury 73 probe was built by Boeing for JPL. The probe was Mariner 73J or Mariner J, Mariner 10 after launch.
The launch took place at 0545 on 1973 Nov 3 by Atlas Centaur from Cape Kennedy. The Atlas separated at 0549 and the Centaur ignited for its first burn, entering parking orbit at 0555. It reignited at 0620 for a 132s burn, separating at 0625 and leaving Mariner 10 in solar orbit en route to Venus. The solar panels and antennae were deployed at this point. In the first few days, Mariner 10 tested its imaging system on the Moon. TCM-1 was a 20s burn made at 0042 on Nov 14, reducing Venus miss distance from 55000 km to 5000 km; the second course correction, TCM-2, was a 3s burn at 1914 on 1974 Jan 21. The probe made observations of comet Kohoutek in January.
The Venus near encounter phase was considered to begin at 1621 on 1974 Feb 5. Periapsis of 5793 km was at 1801 on Feb 5. The far encounter phase began at 1315 on Feb 6 and lasted until Feb 13. Trajectory Correction Maneuver 3 was a 51s burn on Mar 16, to refine the Mercury encounter. Mercury far encounter began on Mar 23, and the near encounter at 0435 on Mar 29. Perihermion was 740 km at 2046 on 1974 Mar 29. Near encounter concluded at 2336 on Mar 30, and far encounter on Apr 12. Mariner 10 had returned the first closeup images of the planet Mercury.
Mariner 10 now made course corrections to ensure the resulting orbit would repeatedly encounter Mercury. TCM-4A and 4B were 195s and 139s burns on May 9; TCM-5 was a 19s burn at 2009 on Jul 2. The Mercury 2 Encounter took place Sep 20-23 with a 48000 km closest approach at 2050 on 1974 Sep 21. TCM-6 was an 83s burn at 2152 on Oct 30, TCM-7 was a 12s burn at 2156 on 1975 Feb 13, and TCM-8 was a final 3s burn at 1855 on 1975 Mar 6 to ensure that Mariner did not hit Mercury. The Mar 16-17 Mercury 3 Encounter saw a 320 km flyby at 2239:24 on 1975 Mar 16. Mariner 10 sent its last transmission on 1975 Mar 24. About half the planet had been mapped by the three flybys.
| Mariner 10 | |||
| Date | Time | Event | Orbit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1973 Nov 3 | 0545:00 | Launch by Atlas Centaur | |
| T+2:26 BECO | |||
| T+2:29 Booster jettison | |||
| T+3:11 Insulation panels sep | |||
| T+4:10 SECO/VECO | |||
| 0549:12 | T+4:12 Atlas sep | ||
| 0549:22 | T+4:22 Centaur MES-1 | ||
| 0551:34 | T+6:34 Fairing | ||
| 0554:30 | T+9:30 Centaur MECO1 | 88.20 183 x 187 x 28.86 | |
| 0619:30 | T+34:30 Centaur MES2, 132s | ||
| 0621:40 | T+36:40 Centaur MECO2 | ||
| 0624:01 | T+38:15 Centaur sep 11.38 km/s | 189 x -56493 x 28.90 | |
| 0628 | Mag boom deploy | ||
| 0629 | Deploy solar panels | ||
| 0631? | T+46:00? Centaur retro | ||
| 0646 | PSE boom deploy | ||
| 1358? | Pass EL1:4 | ||
| 1973 Nov 3 | 2145 | Near Earth Cal phase imaging | |
| 1973 Nov 4 | 0400? | Flyby Moon at 112000 km | |
| 1973 Nov 5 | 1400 | Leave Earth SOI | 0.6 x 1.0 AU x 3 deg? |
| 1973 Nov 6 | 1.4Mkm | ||
| 1973 Nov 10? | Cruise phase | ||
| 1973 Nov 14 | 0041:50 | TCM-1, 19.9s 7.78m/s 1.8 kg | |
| 0545 | Earth distance 4.0Mkm | ||
| 1973 Nov 28 | 1700 | Venus distance 77.4Mkm | |
| Earth distance 8.8 Mkm | |||
| Helio vel 26.736 km/s | |||
| 1973 Dec 14 | 0000 | Earth dist 14.0Mkm | |
| Venus dist 54.3 Mkm | |||
| 1974 Jan 3 | Earth dist 21Mkm | ||
| Venus dist 29Mkm | |||
| Helio vel 30.629 km/s | |||
| 1974 Jan 10 | Earth 23.7 Mkm | ||
| Venus 20.9 Mkm | |||
| Vhel 31.764 km/s | |||
| 1974 Jan 17 | Observations of Kohoutek | ||
| 1974 Jan 21 | 1914:38 | TCM-2, 3.8s 1.37m/s 0.4 kg | |
| 1974 Jan 23 | Earth 31.7 Mkm | ||
| Venus 9.5 Mkm? | |||
| Vhel 34.191 km/s | |||
| 1974 Jan 28 | RCS prop used during roll cal anomaly | ||
| 1974 Feb 1 | Earth dist 41 Mkm | ||
| Venus dist 2.72Mkm | |||
| 1974 Feb 3 | 0800 | RE=41.391Mkm etc | |
| 1974 Feb 4 | 0.64Mkm to Venus | ||
| VHel pre enc is 37.015 km/s | |||
| 1974 Feb 5 | 1621 | Venus near encounter | |
| 1701:50 | Venus flyby, 5793 km periapsis 1.96RV | ||
| 1974 Feb 6 | 1315 | Venus far encounter | |
| VHel post enc is 32.276 km/s | |||
| 1715 | Venus range 0.72Mkm | ||
| 1974 Feb 7 | 1701 | Venus range 1.43Mkm | |
| 1974 Feb 13 | End of encounter | ||
| 1974 Feb 19 | RE 60.5? Mkm RM 66 Mkm | ||
| 1974 Mar 16 | 1154:42 | TCM-3 51.1s 17.8m/s 3.9 kg | |
| 1974 Mar 23 | Mercury 1 far encounter | ||
| 1974 Mar 24 | RM 4.3Mkm | ||
| 1974 Mar 28 | 2000? | 0.9Mkm from Mercury | |
| 1974 Mar 29 | 0030? | 0.2Mkm | |
| 1974 Mar 29 | In Mercury sphere at 112000 km | ||
| 1974 Mar 29 | 0435 | Mercury 1 near encounter | |
| 0730 | Range 500000 km | ||
| 1150 | Range 335000 km | ||
| 1435 | Range 230000 km | ||
| 1600 | 179100 km | ||
| 1974 Mar 29 | 2046:38 | Mercury 1, 703 km 1.29RH | |
1974 Mar 30 | 0500 | 310000 km outbound | |
| 1200 | 575000 km | ||
| 1430 | 1.1Mkm | ||
| 1974 Mar 30 | 2336 | Mercury 1, end near encounter | |
| 1974 Mar 31 | 1900 | 1.73 Mkm | |
| 1974 Apr 1 | 1900 | 2.60 Mkm to Mercury | |
| 1974 Apr 8 | LGA to extended mission config | ||
| 1974 Apr 12 | Mercury 1, end far encounter | ||
| 1974 May 9 | 2005:00 | TCM-4A, 195s, 50m/s | |
| 1974 May 10 | 2005:40 | TCM-4B, 139s, 27.6m/s | |
| 1974 Jun 7 | RE 260M, RSun 108Mkm, Vhel 32 km/s | ||
| 1974 Jul 2 | 2009 | TCM-5 19s, 3.32m/s | |
| 1974 Sep 20 | Mercury 2 encounter | ||
| 1974 Sep 21 | 1939 | Range 76000 km | |
| 1974 Sep 21 | 2059 | Mercury 2, 47000 km at 40S 20.27RH | |
| 1974 Sep 23 | End encounter | ||
| 1974 Oct 30 | 2152 | TCM-6 83s | |
| 1975 Feb 13 | 2156 | TCM-7 12s | |
| 1975 Mar 6 | 1855 | TCM-8, 3s avoidance | |
| 1975 Mar 16 | Mercury 3 encounter | ||
| 1975 Mar 16 | 2239:24 | Mercury 3, 327 km 70N 1.13RH | |
| 1975 Mar 17 | End encounter | ||
| 1975 Mar 24 | End of tx | ||
Payload:
- TV cameras, vidicon with 1.5m aperture, x2
- Electrostatic analyser
- Electron spectrometer
- EUV spectrometer
- Occultation spectrometer
- IR radiometer, 8-14 mu, 34-55mu with 0.025m refracting telescopes.
- X-band transmitter (Radio science)
- S-band transmitter
- Triaxial fluxgate magnetometer
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