2004-006A
Rosetta was launched by the first Ariane 5G+ in 2004. Rosetta was built by Astrium (formerly Daimler-Benz Aerospace's Dornier Satellitensysteme) of Freidrichshafen. The spacecraft is box-shaped with 2 solar wings, a propulsion system with 24 10N thrusters and a 2.2m dia HGA. Mass is 809 kg dry with 1720 kg of fuel (1060 kg N2O4 and 660 kg MMH).
2.8 x 2.1 x 2.0m box + 2 panels span 32m. Mass 3065 kg launch with 1670 kg of prop and a 100 kg lander.
Mass at EPC sep is 15708 kg (including full EPS). Mass at EPS burnout is 5892 kg implying a 2827 kg EPS mass at burnout but prior to passivation.
Rosetta will carry the German Surface Science Package (SSP) called Roland.
Rosetta was originally scheduled to carry the Champollion lander, but this was removed from the project in 1996.
Rosetta has Bus Support Module, Payload Support Module.
Control from ESOC.
Rosetta was prepared for launch in 2003 for a rendezvous with 46P/Wirtanen in 2011. After the 2002 Ariane 5 failure, Rosetta was postponed and redirected to 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.
The vehicle was an AR5G+, which is an AR5G with the VEB from the AR5ES (100 kg lighter) and 250 kg extra prop in the EPS stage with an elongated MMH tank. Rosetta used an 123 kg 1194V5 EADS-CASA adapter on the EPS stage and the short A5 payload fairing (12.7m high 5.4m dia). The EPC is the standard AR5G type. The EAP boosters used a P2001 nozzle, 340 kg lighter than standard, pioneered on AR516.
21 Lutetia: 130 x 104 x 74 km, a=2.435 AU assume rho=2.2g/cm3 or 49 x 41 x 34 semiajor axes Albedo 0.1 to 0.2, taxonomy M, M0, W, Xk guesses largest asteroid visited to date. rot 8.17h C-type possible carbonaceous chrondrite type? (or M-type metallic?) But issues with albedo. IR featureless spectra High IR albedo; Lower radar albedo than any M-type asteroid. Hill radius 342Ra = 17111 km, critical distance from 166 to 332 Ra Stability surface (where orbiting objects could be found) in 215 x 361 x 361 Ra Solar radiation pressure perturbs small particles out; mm-size particles cleared, cm-sized particles remain.
Flyby 3055 km nominal
2867 Steins dia 5.5 to 17.5 km p = 6.05hr rot Type E (EII type like 64 Angelina, partial melts derived from enstatite chrondirtes) Iron-poor silicates on surface, like aubrite meteorites. Consistent with high albedo E-type = 0.45 ia 4.6 km.
Steins 1745 km 8.565 km/s
67P/C-G nucleus is 4.1km across, made of two lobes. THe large lobe is 4.1 x 3.2 x 1.3 km, the small lobe is 2.5 x 2.5 x 2.0 km. Rotation period is 12.4043 hours; mass is 1.0E13 kg.
| Rosetta | |||
| Date | Time | Event | Orbit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 Mar 2 | 0717:44 | Launch by Ariane 5 518G (V158) | |
| T+2:19 EAP sep | |||
| T+3:11 Fairing sep | |||
| 0727:34 | T+9:50 EPC burnout | ||
| 0727:40 | T+9:56 EPC sep | 45 x 3849 km x 5.67 deg | |
| Long coast for 1h45m | |||
| 0825 | T+1:07:00 Apogee | ||
| 0914:29 | T+1:56:45 L9.7 stage burn at 652 km | ||
| T+2:05:06 Perigee at 225 km during burn | |||
| 0924? | Reentry of EPC | ||
| 0931:35 | T+2:13:51 EPS MECO at 1097 km | ||
| Vinf = 3.545 km/s | |||
| 0932:49 | T+2:15:05 L9.7 sep | 392 x -76662 x 5.70 | |
| 1757 | Pass EL1:4 | ||
| 2004 Mar 3 | 1030 | Pass lunar orbit | |
| 2004 Mar 3 | TCM-1 1.0m/s | ||
| 2004 Mar 5 | 0300 | Leave Earth sphere | |
| 2004 Mar 6 | 2211 | Leave Earth sphere 1.5Mkm | |
| 2004 Apr 26 | 0000 | 359.02d 0.8859AU x 1.0910AU x 0.41 | |
| 2004 May 10 | TCM-2 152.8m/s 3.5h | ||
| 2004 May 14 | 365.33d 0.8864AU x 1.1137AU x 0.42 | ||
| 2004 May 16 | TCM-3 5.0m/s | ||
| 2004 Nov 25 | TCM-4 0.17 m/s, anomaly | ||
| 2004 Dec 9 | TCM-5 0.12m/s | ||
| 2005 Feb 8 | 365.11d 0.886 x 1.114 AU x 1.42 | ||
| 2005 Feb 17 | TCM-6 0.09m/s | ||
| 2005 Feb 28 | 1719 | Enter Earth sphere 1.5Mkm | |
| 2005 Mar 2 | 0900 | Enter SOI | |
| 2005 Mar 4 | 2209:14 | Earth flyby 1955 km over Baja Cal. | 1954 x -68130 x 144.9 |
| 2005 Mar 7 | 1115 | Leave SOI | |
| 2005 Mar 9 | 0325 | Depart Earth sphere 1.5Mkm | |
| 2005 Mar 28 | 588.42d 0.990 x 1.758 AU x 1.42 | ||
| 2006 May 23 | Enter hibernation | ||
| 2006 Jul | Begin Mars Swingby Phase | ||
| 2006 Sep 29 | 0200 | DSM-2 TCM-7 31.8m/s 52min | |
| 2006 Nov 13 | 2314 | TCM-8 0.1m/s | |
| 2007 Feb 9 | 0200? | TCM-9 Mars-16d 54s 0.04m/s | |
| 2007 Feb 23 | 1543 | Enter Mars sphere 1.08Mkm | |
| 2007 Feb 24 | 0740 | Enter Mars SOI | |
| 2007 Feb 25 | 0145 | Mars flyby 250 km | 252 x -8152 x 136.3 |
| 2007 Feb 25 | 1950 | Leave Mars SOI | |
| 2007 Feb 26 | 1148 | Depart Mars sphere 1.08Mkm | |
| 2007 Apr 26 | TCM-10 6.5m/s | ||
| 2007 May 5 | 470.88d 0.784 x 1.585 AU x 1.90 | ||
| 2007 | Asteroid belt | ||
| 2007 Oct 18 | 1706 | TCM 42s | |
| 2007 Nov 12 | 0109 | Enter Earth sphere 1.5Mkm | |
| 2007 Nov 12 | 1800 | Enter SOI | |
| 2007 Nov 13 | 2057 | Earth flyby 2, 5301 km above 63 46S 74 35W | 5299 x -27151 x 115.1 |
| 2007 Nov 15 | 0000 | Leave SOI | |
| 2007 Nov 15 | 1650 | Depart Earth sphere 1.5Mkm | |
| 2007 Dec 31 | 730.50d 0.911 x 2.264 AU x 7.71 | ||
| 2008 Sep 4 | 0856 | TCM 0.12m/s | |
| 2008 Sep 5 | 1837:19 | Enter Steins sphere | |
| 1838:19 | Flyby (2867) Steins at 803 km, 8.6 km/s | ||
| 1839:19 | Depart Steins sphere | ||
| 2009 Mar 18 | DSM-4 | ||
| 2009 Oct 22 | 1526:10 | TCM 1:27 0.09m/s 93 kg | |
| 2009 Nov 11 | 1155 | Earth sphere 1.5Mkm | |
| 2009 Nov 12 | 0440 | Earth sphere 0.9Mkm | |
| 2009 Nov 13 | 0745:40 | Earth flyby 3, 2481 km | |
| 2009 Nov 14 | 1040 | Leave Earth sphere | |
| 2009 Nov 15 | 0333 | Leave Earth sphere 1.5Mkm | |
| 2009 Nov 26 | 1933.53d 0.980 x 5.094 AU x 4.38 | ||
| 2010 Jun 18 | 0624 | TCM move aim from 2639 to 3169, 188s | |
| 2010 Jul 10 | 1512 | Enter L sphere | |
| 1544:55 | Flyby (21) Lutetia at 3162 km at 15 km/s | ||
| 1620 | Depart L sphere | ||
| 2011 Jan 17 | 1903 | OCM part 1 | |
| 2011 Jan 17 | OCM end. 301 m/s | ||
| 2011 Jan 18 | 1859:13 | OCM part 2, 274 m/s | |
| 2011 Jan 19 | 0113 | OCM end | |
| 2011 Jan 21 | s | OCM part 3 | |
| 2011 Jan 23 | s | OCM part 4 | |
| 2011 Feb 1 | 2103.7d 1.136 x 5.290 AU x 6.58 | ||
| 2011 Jun 8 | Hibernation | ||
| 2014 Jan 20 | Exit hibernation | 2103.2d 1.134 x 5.290 AU x 6.58 | |
| 2014 May 7 | 1730 | Test burn 20m/s 45min | |
2014 May 21 | 1523 | Orbit Match Mvr day 3140 300m/s | |
| 2239 | Burn complete | ||
| 2014 Jun 4 | 1421:58 | Burn 2, 6:39 | |
| 2100 | Burn 2 complete, 190 kg prop | ||
| Arrive at Churyumov-Gerasimenko | |||
| Far Approach Phase | |||
| Approach Transition Point | |||
| Close Approach Phase | |||
| 2014 Aug 2 | 0220 | Enter CG Hill sphere | |
| 2014 Aug 6 | 0900 | Close Approach Trajectory Insertion CATI 6:26 1m/s | |
| Rendezvous at 100 km, unbound | |||
| 2014 Aug 10 | 100 km, CAT Change 1 TCM 6:25, 0.88 m/s, second 100 km leg | ||
| 2014 Aug 11 | 2100 | Closest approach 90 km | |
| 2014 Aug 13 | 100 km, CAT Change 2, 6:22, 0.87m/s, 3rd 100 km leg | ||
| 2014 Aug 17 | 0900 | 100 km, CAT Change 3, 6:19, 0.85m/s, Transfer to 80 km | |
| 2014 Aug 19 | 0700 | Closest approach 79 km | |
| 2014 Aug 20 | 0900 | CAT 4, 92 km distance, burn to reduce height | |
| 2014 Aug 21 | 0230? | Within 79 km | |
| 2014 Aug 24 | 0900 | At 72 km, CAT 5 ('little CAT') | |
| 2014 Aug 25 | Below 60 km | ||
| 2014 Aug 25 | Close apporach at 52 km, arc 1 | ||
| 2014 Aug 27 | At 72? km, CAT 6, leg 2 | ||
| 2014 Aug 29 | Close apporach at 52 km, arc 2 | ||
| 2014 Aug 31 | At 72? km, CAT 7,leg 3 | ||
| 2014 Sep 1 | Close approach at 52 km, arc 3 | ||
| 2014 Sep 3 | 0900 | At 72 km, TGM1 0.6m/s 4:55 Transfer to GMP | |
| 2014 Sep 7 | TGM2 0.5m/s 04:18 | ||
| 2014 Sep 10 | GMP1 0.2m/s 02:19 | ||
| 2014 Sep 10 | Global mapping phase 30 km | ||
| 2014 Sep 14 | GMP slot1 0.03m/s 32s | ||
| 2014 Sep 17 | GMP-2A 0.09m/s 1:23 | ||
| GMP-2B 0.09m/s 1:25 | 28 x 29 km | ||
| 2014 Sep 21 | GMP slot 2 0.02m/s 25s | ||
| 2014 Sep 24 | s | burn | |
| 2014 Sep 24 | Distance r=28.5 km | 20 x 30 | |
| Begin descent to 20 km | |||
| 2014 Sep 29 | 0900 | burn | 20 x 20 |
| 2014 Oct 8 | s | burn | 10 x 20 |
| 2014 Oct 15 | s | burn | 10 x 10 |
| Close observation phase | |||
| 2014 Oct 27? | 8 x 10 | ||
| 2014 Oct 28 | 1259 | Raise burn 82s, 0.08m/s | 10 x 30 |
| 2014 Oct 31 | Circ burn 90s | 30 x 30 | |
| SSP delivery phase | |||
| Relay orbit phase | |||
| Extended monitoring phase 200d? | |||
| Perihelion at day 3800 | |||
| 2014 Nov 12 | S-2h Pre-Sep manoeuvre | ||
| Roland SSP delivery from 22.5 km radius | |||
| 2014 Nov 14? | Move to 30 km orbit | ||
| 2015 Feb 4 | Move to unbound orbits for flybys | ||
| 2015 Feb 4 | Range 26 km | ||
| 2015 Feb 7 | Range 142 km apocomet | ||
| 2015 Feb 11 | Range 101 km | ||
| 2015 Feb 14 | Range 48 km | ||
| 2015 Feb 14 | 0100 | TCM | |
| 2015 Feb 14 | 1240:50 | 6 km alt flyby | |
| 2015 Feb 17 | 253 km | ||
| 2015 Feb 20? | Flyby at about 20 km? | ||
| 2015 Feb 25 | 76 km | ||
| 2015 Mar 4 | 88 km | ||
| 2014 Mar 7 | 88 km | ||
| 2015 Mar | Philae end of life? | ||
| 2015 Mar 28 | 14 km flyby | ||
| 2015 Mar 28 | Emergency avoid burn, range to 400 km | ||
| 2015 Apr 1 | 0419 | Pass 349 km Hill Sphere outbound | |
| 2015 Apr 1 | TCM to brake | ||
| 2015 Apr 4 | 0050 | Max range at 385 km | |
| 2015 Apr 4 | TCM on course for 140 km approach | ||
| 2015 Apr 4 | 1412 | Pass 344 km Hill Sphere inbound | |
| 2015 Apr 8 | 140 km approach | ||
| 2015 Apr 11 | 100 km, pyramid path | ||
| 2015 Apr 25 | Range 93 km | ||
| 2015 May 23 | Range 138 km | ||
| 2015 May 26 | 1256 | Pass 276 km Hill Sphere outbound | |
| 2015 May 27 | 1354 | Max range at 325 km | |
| 2015 May 28 | 1844 | Pass 274 km Hill Sphere inbound | |
| 2015 Jun 1 | Range 209 km | ||
| 2015 Jun 5 | Range 208 km | ||
| 2015 Jul 1 | Range 160 km | ||
| 2015 Jul 3 | Range 168 km | ||
| 2015 Jul 6 | Range 160 km | ||
| 2015 Jul 7 | Range 153 km | ||
| 2015 Jul 12 | Range 155 km | ||
| 2015 Jul | Rosetta plume flythrough | ||
| 2015 Jul 25 | S hem observations from 180 km | ||
| 2015 Jul 27 | Range 170 km | ||
| 2015 Jul 28 | Range 197 km | ||
| 2015 Jul 30 | Range 179 km | ||
| 2015 Aug 3 | 2130 | Pass 221 km Hill Sphere outbound | |
| 2015 Aug 4 | Range 222 km | ||
| 2015 Aug 7 | Range 283 km | ||
| 2015 Aug 10 | Range 317 km | ||
| 2015 Aug 12 | Range 334 | ||
| 2015 Aug 13 | R over N hem, 325 km | ||
| 2015 Aug 13 | 67P perihelion | ||
| 2015 Aug 17 | Range 328 | ||
| 2015 Aug 20 | Range 325 | ||
| 2015 Aug 24 | Range 365 | ||
| 2015 Aug 25 | Range 418 | ||
| 2015 Aug 30 | Range 404 | ||
| 2015 Sep 3 | Range 383 km | ||
| 2015 Sep 14 | Range 317 km | ||
| 2015 Sep 21 | Range 329 | ||
| 2015 Sep 22 | Range 340 | ||
| 2015 Sep 23 | Begin far excursion trajectory | ||
| 2015 Sep 23 | Range 406 | ||
| 2015 Sep 24 | Range 538 | ||
| 2015 Sep 26 | Range 771 | ||
| 2015 Sep 28 | Range 1115 | ||
| 2015 Sep 29 | Range 1394 | ||
| 2302 | Range 1480 | ||
| 2015 Sep 30 | 0145 | Range 1501 km, max range | |
| 2015 Sep 30 | 0602 | Range 1490 | |
| 0945 | Range 1468 | ||
| 1125 | Range 1459 km | ||
| 1258 | Range 1451 | ||
| 2015 Oct 1 | Range 1354 | ||
| 2015 Oct 2 | Range 1128 | ||
| 2015 Oct 4 | Range 928 | ||
| 2015 Oct 8 | Range 616 | ||
| 2015 Oct 14 | Range 495 | ||
| 2015 Oct 18 | Range 432 | ||
| 2015 Oct 20 | Range 422 | ||
| 2015 Oct 23 | Range 370 | ||
| 2015 Oct 28 | Range 295 | ||
| 2015 Nov 1 | 0853 | Pass 278 km Hill Sphere inbound | |
| 2015 Nov 3 | Range 263 | ||
| 2015 Nov 12 | Range 174 | ||
| 2015 Nov 17 | Range 144 | ||
| 2015 Nov 29 | Range 122 | ||
| 2015 Dec | End of primary mission | ||
| 2015 Dec 3 | Range 100 km | ||
| 2015 Dec 10 | Range 99 km | ||
| 2015 Dec 16 | Range 112 km | ||
| 2015 Dec 25 | Range 75 km | ||
| 2015 Dec 30 | Range 88 km | ||
| 2016 Jan | Comet activity declines, reapproach | ||
| 2016 Jan 10 | Range 79 km | ||
| 2016 Jan 27 | Range 72 km | ||
| 2016 Jan 30 | Range 61 km | ||
| 2016 Feb 5 | Range 53 km | ||
| 2016 Feb 10 | Range 49 km | ||
| 2016 Feb 27 | Range 30 km | ||
| 2016 Mar 5 | Range 20 km | ||
| 2016 Mar 12 | Range 17 km | ||
| 2016 Mar 16 | Range 14 km | ||
| 2016 Mar 19 | Range 12 km | ||
| 2016 Mar 23 | Range 37 km | ||
| 2016 Mar | Anti-sunward excursion | ||
| 2016 Mar 27 | Range 329 km outbound | ||
| 2016 Mar 28 | 0949 | Pass 475 km Hill Sphere outbound | |
| 2016 Mar 29 | Range 820 km | ||
| 2016 Mar 30 | 1353 | 1000 km antisunward, max range | |
| 2016 Apr 2 | 1853 | Pass 482 km Hill Sphere inbound | |
| 2016 Apr 3 | Range 442 km | ||
| 2016 Apr 9 | Range 30 km, zero phase flyby | ||
| 2016 Apr 10 | Range 30 km | ||
| 2016 Apr 13 | Range 109 km | ||
| 2016 Apr 21 | Range 31 km | ||
| 2016 Apr 23 | Range 30 km | ||
| 2016 Apr 29 | Range 18 km | ||
| 2016 May 3 | Range 18 km | ||
| 2016 May 11 | Range 10 km | ||
| 2016 May 25 | Range 7 km | ||
| 2016 May 28 | Range 7 km | ||
| 2016 May 29 | Range 5 km, safemode | ||
| 2016 May 30 | Resume contact | ||
| 2016 Jun 2 | Transition to 30 km orbt | ||
| 2016 Jun 4 | 0140 | 30 km orbit insertion | |
| 2016 Jun 7 | Range 28 km | ||
| 2016 Jun | N Hem mapping | ||
| 2016 Jun 15 | Range 34 km | ||
| 2016 Jun 25 | Range 18 km | ||
| 2016 Jul 2 | Range 17 km | ||
| 2016 Jul 3 | Range 9 km | ||
| 2016 Jul 10 | Range 10 km | ||
| 2016 Jul 24 | Range 10 km | ||
| 2016 Aug 3 | Range 9 km | ||
| 2016 Aug 9 | Flyover regime | ||
| 2016 Aug 10 | Range 13 km | ||
| 2016 Aug 15 | Range 7 km | ||
| 2016 Aug 17 | Range 14 km | ||
| 2016 Aug 22 | Range 7 km | ||
| 2016 Aug 24 | Range 9 km | ||
| 2016 Aug 27 | Range 5 km | ||
| 2016 Aug 30 | Range 4 km | ||
| 2016 Aug 31 | Range 9 km | ||
| 2016 Sep 2 | Range 2.7 km; Philae found | ||
| 2016 Sep 5 | Range 3.9 km flyover, 1.9 km height | ||
| 2016 Sep 8 | Range 4 km | ||
| 2016 Sep 11 | Range 10 km | ||
| 2016 Sep 17 | s | Flyover | |
| 2016 Sep 20 | s | Flyover | |
| 2016 Sep 24 | Post flyover burn | ||
| 2016 Sep 26 | Transfer burn | 16 x 23 km | |
| 2016 Sep 29 | 2050 | Deorbit burn 3 min, alt 19 km 0.34m/s | |
| 2016 Sep 30 | Descent to Ma'at/Deir el-Medina | ||
| 0800? | Activate passivation commands; 100 kg prop left | ||
| 1039:34 | Touchdown at Sais, 0.9m/s | ||
| 1119 | LOS at ESOC | ||
Payload:
- OSIRIS Multicolor imaging with narrow, wide angle cameras
- ALICE UV spectroscopy 700-2050 A
- VIRTIS Vis/IR mapping spectroscopy 0.25-5 mu
- MIRO Microwave spectroscopy 1.3, 0.5mm
- ROSINA Neutral gas, ion mass spectroscopy
- MODULUS Gas chromatograph for light elements
- COSIMA Dust mass spectrometer
- MIDAS Atomic force microscope for grain morphology
- CONSERT Radio sounding comet nucleus tomography
- GIADA Dust flux,velocity/momentum, contamination monitor
- RPC Comet plasma:
- Langmuir probe
- Ion/electron sensor
- Flux gate magnetometer
- Ion composition analyser
- Mutual impedance probe
- RSI Radio science experiment
The Rosetta Lander (RoLand) will be deployed onto the comet's surface. The lander was named Philae after the location of an obelisk which helped Champollion decipher the Rosetta stone. Some of the experiments are also carried on the orbiter. Lander is 85 kg, of which 21 kg are experiments.
Size is box + half octagon, 0.9 x 0.9m, with 2.0m span across legs. OWLT is 00:28:20 at 511 million km.
The selected landing site was Site J, subsequently named Agilkia, after the Nile island which now houses the relocated Philae temple complex. After bouncing twice, Philae landed at another site later named Abydos.
| Philae | |||
| Date | Time | Event | Orbit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 Nov 11 | 1805 | Switchon | |
| 2024 | Lander flywheel on | ||
| 2014 Nov 12 | 0335 | Sep Descent and Landing (SDL) sequence on | |
| 0735 | Rosetta pre-sep mvr to comet-hyperbolic orbit | ||
| 0835 | Philae sep from Rosetta at 0.18m/s, range 22.5 km | ||
| 0844 | 100m range, deploy landing gear | ||
| 0856:20 | Deploy ROMAP boom | ||
| 0857 | Rotation to stable landing orientation | ||
| 0915 | Post delivery mvr | ||
| 1025 | AOS Philae-Rosetta signal sent | ||
| 1053 | AOS detected on Earth | ||
| 1534 | Landing at 1m/s | ||
| Fire harpoons, failed | ||
| Flywheel off | |||
| 1534 | Bounce to 70 m? | ||
| 1620 | Hit surface, tumbled | ||
| Reached 170m height | |||
| 1726 | Second touchdown, bounce | ||
| 1732 | Third touchdown, Abydos | ||
| 2014 Nov 14 | 0930 | LOS | |
| 2014 Nov 14 | 2251 | AOS | |
| 2014 Nov 15 | 0008 | Philae in hibernation, LOS | |
| 2015 Jun 14 | Signal from Philae received | ||
| 2015 Jul 9 | Last pre-perihelion signal from Philae | ||
Payload:
- ROLIS Roland Imaging System
- CONSERT Comet nucleus sounding experiment by Radiowave Transmission
- SESAME Surface electrical sounding and acoustic monitoring experiment, dust impact monitor; mechanical and electrical parameters
- APXS Alpha p/X-ray spectrometer
- MUPUS Multi-purpose sensor for surface and sub-surface science
- ROMAP Roland magnetometer and plasma monitor
- CIVA Comet nucleus infrared and visible analyser (cameras,s spectrometer for surface samples)
- SD2 Sampling, Drilling and Distribution instrument (drill, depth 23 cm)
- COSAC Cometary Sampling and Composition Experiment, looking for organic molecules
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