Saturday, June 24, 1978

Explorer 47

 1972-073A


IMP H (Interplanetary Monitoring Platform H) was the first of a new series of IMP probes placed in distant circular orbits. The IMP H series carried a Star 17A apogee motor to circularize the orbit. The probe, which became Interplanetary Monitoring Platform 7 (Explorer 47), was launched at 0120 on 1972 Sep 23 by Delta 1604 from Cape Kennedy. The Delta delivered the probe to a 153 x 411 km x 28.8 deg parking orbit at 0126. After an 11 min coast the Star 37E third stage ignited at 0137 and placed IMP VII in a 248 x 254800 km x 28.6 km orbit. The Star 17A solid motor fired at first apogee placing IMP 7 in a 201100 x 235600 km x 17.2 deg orbit. The satellite operated until 1978 Oct 31 when it was switched off.

Mass was 390 kg launch 1.58m high 1.36m dia. 16-sided cylinder with two 3.4m experiment booms and two 1.2m attitude control system booms for an estimated span of 8.2m. Star 17A was 124 kg full 12 kg empty 0.71m dia. The Delta 1604 introduced the extended long tank booster.


IMP 7 
 

DateTimeEventOrbit  

1972 Sep 23  0120:00  Launch by Delta 1604  CC 
 0120:00  T+0:00 SRM 1-6 burn 
 0120:39  T+0:34 SRM 1-6 burnout 
 0121:25 T+1:25 SRM sep 
 0124:28 T+4:28 MECO 
 0124:34 T+4:34 VECO  
 0124  T+4:36 St 1 (S/N 20006) sep 
 0124:40  T+4:40 SES-1 
 0124:57  T+4:57 Fairing sep 
 0130:12  T+10:12 SECO-1  153 x 411 x 28.8 
 0135:31 T+15:31 St 2 sep 
 0135:45  T+15:45 Star 37C burn 43.6s 
 0136:27 T+16:27 Star 37C burnout 
 0138:09 T+18:09 Star 37C sep  248 x 254800 x 28.6 
 0138:11 Star 37C yo weight release 
 247 x 237796 x 28.6 (MOR Post) 
1972 Sep 23  1815  Pass EL1:4 
1972 Sep 25  1536  Star 17A burn   
 Star 17A burnout  201100 x 235600 x 17.2 
 1930?  ACS burn to reduce spin rate 
  Boom deploy  207836 x 235558 x 17.72 (FFR) 
1972 Sep 26   Begin experiment turnon 
1978 Sep 30   end of operations (TM-80758) 
1978 Oct 31   end of tx 

Payload:

  • H1 Magnetometer (GSFC/Ness)

  • H2 Electric and magnetic fields (TRW/Scarf) Plasma Wave Experiment, AC Electric and magnetic fields (TRW/Scharf), 3.1m boom with loop antenna and 61cm dipole antenna

  • H3 LASL electrostatic analyser (LASL/Bame) e 4 eV-20 keV, p 70 eV -20 keV.

  • H4 Faraday cup (MIT/Bridge) e 17 ev-7 keV, p 50 eV-7 keV.,

  • H5 GSFC electrostatic analyser (GSFC/Olgivie)

  • H6 Crystal scintillator (GSFC/Cline) Solar Electrons and solar flare X-rays (GSFC/Cline), e 100 keV-2 MeV; X-rays 20 keV-1 MeV

  • H7 LEPEDEA (Iowa/Frank)

  • H8 U Md. SSD (UMd/Gloeckler) Ions and electrons, electrostatic analyser

  • H9 SS and GM detectors (APL/Krimigis)

    • Solar and galactic X-ray detector 1.75-16A with GM tubes

  • H10 SS and Scint. telescopes (GSFC/McDonald)

  • H11 Chicago solid state telescope (Chicago/Simpson)

  • H12 CIT solid state telescope (CIT/Stone) Electrons and Isotopes, solid state telescope 0.16-2.8 Mev e, 0.5-40 Mev/n (Caltech/Stone)

Wednesday, April 5, 1978

Apollo 6

  1968-025A


Apollo CSM 020 flew the AS-502 mission, or Apollo 6. The spacecraft used CM 020 and SM 014. The mission was to test launch vehicle and spacecraft compatibility, Saturn stage separations, and Apollo propulsion, guidance and control, and electrical systems. The S-IVB was to insert Apollo 4 in orbit and reignite to place it

in a high apogee trajectory of 224 x 513752 km. The CSM would then have separated and made a retro burn to a 35 x 22194 km orbit, followed prior to reentry with a second SPS burn to 39 x Inf with a reentry velocity of 11.12 km/s. The S-IVB would have carried on to the vicinity of the Moon and presumably made a flyby to solar orbit. However, all this was not to be.

The launch of the second Saturn V, SA-502, was the only serious failure of the Saturn program. The rocket lifted off at 1200 on 1968 Apr 4. The first stage underwent `pogo' oscillations which shook the stack. At 1202:14 part of the SLA adapter broke away. Two engines on the Saturn S-II stage shut down only 4 minutes into second stage burn. The Instrument Unit automatically commanded the stage to burn its three remaining engines for an extra minute to make up. At S-IVB ignition, the rocket's attitude was incorrect and the guidance system commanded the stage to point downward towards the Earth. Then it pitched up, and detected that it had developed more speed than planned, so started to try and cut the speed - it actually went into orbit thrusting backward. The orbit achieved was 172 x 395 km instead of the planned 175 x 175 km one.

The S-IVB failed to restart properly on the second orbit, and as a backup plan the CSM separated in the low orbit and ignited its own SPS engine, reaching an apogee of 22225 km. A second planned SPS burn was cancelled due to lack of fuel. The Service Module, SM-014, was jettisoned and CM-020 reentered the Earth's atmosphere at 10.0 km/s. It splashed down successfully in the Pacific.


Apollo CSM 020 Mission Log 
 

DateTimeEventOrbit  

1968 Apr 4 1200:00 Launch of SA-502 
1968 Apr 4 1202:05 Pogo oscillations in S-IC stage for 10s 
1968 Apr 4 1202:13 T+2:13 SLA-9 -Z panel debris breaks off, 46 km 
 1202:24  IECO 
 1202;28  OECO 59 km  -6009 x 109 x 32.21  
1968 Apr 4 1202:29  S-IC separation, S-II ignition 
 1202:59  Interstage 
 1203:04  LES jettison 
1968 Apr 4 1206:53  S-II engines 2 and 3 shut down 
1968 Apr 4 1209:36  S-II cutoff 
 1209:37  S-II staging  -2475 x 202 x 32.74  
1968 Apr 4 1209:37  S-IVB ignition 
1968 Apr 4 1212:27  S-IVB cutoff, Earth orbit insertion  89.92 178 x 367 x 32.63 (T3-I) 
   90.04 178 x 373 x 32.74 (T.3-II) 
 1220:51  S-II impact 
1968 Apr 4 1513:35   90.01 183 x 370 x 32.63 
   90.40 191 x 397 x 32.74 (T.3-II) 
 1513:35  S-IVB reignition 
 1513:50  S-IVB cutoff  90.50 191 x 406 x 32.73 
1968 Apr 4 1514:27  CSM separated from S-IVB  90.52 191 x 408 x 32.73 
1968 Apr 4 1516:06 SPS-1 burn (7:22) to high apogee orbit 
 1523:28  SPS-1 cutoff 517 km 384.8 33 x 22260 x 32.58 
   386.60 29 x 22373 x 32.65 
1968 Apr 4 1828:58  Apogee at 22225 km 
 2129:19  RCS +X translation 
 2130:09  RCS +X cutoff  389.33 33 x 22533 x 32.66 
1968 Apr 4 2136:57  SM-014 separation 238 km 
1968 Apr 4 2138:29 Reentry 10.0 km/s -5.85 deg  35 x 22618 x 32.73 
 2140  Begin skip, 58 km 
 2143  Skip apogee, 67 km 
 2145  Descending at 58 km 
 2151:27  Drogue parachute deployed
1968 Apr 4 2157:20 Splashdown 
1968 Apr 4 2330Recovered by USS Okinawa. 

November 20,2006

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