1990-007A
The MUSES A (Mu Space Experiment System) probe was named Hiten (`celestial maiden') after launch. It was intended to demonstrate advanced orbital dynamics techniques. On its first lunar flyby Hiten ejected the Hagoromo subsatellite into lunar orbit; subsequent flybys allowed it to explore the distant magnetotail, as a precursor to the Geotail mission.
Hiten pioneered the technique of aerobraking, using a planetary atmosphere to change an orbit. During the first aerobraking pass on 1991 Mar 19, it passed through the atmosphere at 125.5 km above the North Pacific and lowered its apogee by 8600 km. The second pass, on Mar 30, was at 120.2 km and lowered the apogee by 14000 km to 405700 km. Outer temperature rose to 900K. 12 kg of fuel remained after this pass. Oct 1991 saw another lunar flyby, after which Hiten was sent to explore the L4/L5 region. In Feb 1992, during the 11th lunar flyby, Hiten fired its engine in a 10 minute burn to enter lunar orbit. Hiten continued to transmit until it impacted the lunar surface near the crater Furnerius.
| Hiten | |||
| Date | Time | Event | Orbit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 Jan 24 | 1146:00 | Launch by Mu-3S2-5 | KASC |
| T+0:40 SOB sep | |||
| T+1:24 Stage 1 cutoff, sep | |||
| T+1:26 Stage 2 start | |||
| T+2:36 Stage 2 cutoff, coast | |||
| T+2:35 Fairing | -4900 x 240 x 30.8 | ||
| T+4:41 Stage 3 burn, 219 km 87s | |||
| 1152 | T+6:08? Stage 3 cutoff, EOI | 240 x 400 x 31 | |
| 1152 | T+6:13 KM-M burn | ||
| KM-M cutoff (underburn) | 262 x 286000 x 30.6 | ||
| 1153 | T+7:57 KM-M sep | ||
| 1990 Jan 24 | 2200 | DV1 5.2m/s at 115000 km | 400? x 293000 |
| 1990 Jan 25 | 0358 | Pass EL1:4 | |
| 1990 Jan 27 | 1901 | Apogee 1, 293000 km | |
| 1990 Jan 31 | 0200 | DV2 46.6m/s at 39000 km | 400? x 355000 km |
| 1990 Jan 31 | 0405 | Perigee 1 | |
| 1990 Jan 31 | 2300 | DV3 5m/s at 171000 km | 400? x 357000 km |
| 1990 Feb 4 | 1512 | Apogee 2, 357000 km | |
| 1990 Feb 9 | 0200 | DV4 29.2m/s at 41000 km | ? x 401000 km |
| 0413 | Perigee 2 | ||
| 1990 Feb 10 | 2200 | DV-5a 15.2m/s at 273000 km | ? x 405000 km |
| 2300 | DV-5b 15.1m/s at 276000 km | ? x 409000 km | |
| 1990 Feb 14 | 1549 | Apogee 3, 409000 km | |
| 1990 Feb 20 | 0230 | DV-6 1.5m/s at 29000 km | ? x 409000 km |
| 0357 | Perigee 3 | ||
| 1990 Feb 25 | 1513 | Apogee 4, 409000 km | |
| 1990 Feb 28 | 2300 | DV-7 62.1m/s at 307000 km | ? x 405000 km |
| 1990 Mar 3 | 0200 | DV-8 17.9m/s at 39000 km | ? x 440000 km |
| 0406 | Perigee 4 | ||
| 2100 | DV-9 0.5m/s at 163000 km | ? x 441000 km | |
| 1990 Mar 9 | 0712 | Apogee 5, 441000 km | |
| 1990 Mar 12 | 2300 | DV-10 2.2m/s at 335000 km | 4500? x 441000 km |
| 1990 Mar 12 | 4893 x 435037 x 29.7 | ||
| 1990 Mar 12 | 4481 x 435449 x 29.7 | ||
| 1990 Mar 15 | 1123 | Perigee 5 | |
| 1990 Mar 18 | 1937 | Hagoromo sep (15000 km fro Moon) | |
| 2004:03 | Hagoromo LOI | ||
| 1990 Mar 18 | 2004:09 | Lunar flyby 1, 16472 km | |
| 1990 Mar 18 | 86889 x 767644 x 27.6 | ||
| 1990 Mar 18 | 116000 x 727000 (SRJ) | ||
| 1990 Apr 6 | TCM 2m/s? | ||
| 1990 May 18 | TCM 2m/s? | ||
| 1990 Jul 10 | 0958:34 | Lunar flyby (pass) 2, 76049 km selenocentric | |
| (Outside lunar gravisphere) | |||
| 1990 Jul | Perigee 28000 km | 28000 x 560000 | |
| 1990 Jul 13 | TCM 18.9m/s | ||
| 1990 Jul 16 | TCM 0.3m/s | ||
| 1990 Aug 4 | 0743:42 | Flyby 3, 32315 km sc | |
| Geotail pass? | |||
| 1990 Sep 7 | Lunar flyby 4, 33124 km | ||
| 1990 Sep 25 | 0.38m/s | ||
| 1990 Oct 2 | 0301 | Lunar flyby 5, 22403 km | |
| To Geotail simulation orbit, apo 1348000 km | |||
| 1990 Nov? | near L2 region? | ||
| 1991 Jan 3 | Flyby 6, 23168 km, reduce peri | ||
| 1991 Jan 21 | TCM 1.0m/s | ||
| 1991 Jan 27 | Flyby 7, 33708 km | ||
| 1991 Feb | ? x 850000 km | ||
| 1991 Feb 27 | TCM 0.38m/s | ||
| 1991 Mar 3 | 2202 | SWB-8 Flyby 8, 13269 km | |
| 1991 Mar 7 | 0321 | Perigee 2500 km | 2500 x 425000 km |
| 1991 Mar 12 | 1330 | DV17 reduce perigee 3.0m/s | |
| 1991 Mar 13 | 0146 | Apogee | 125 x 429000? |
| 1991 Mar 19 | 0043:21 | Earth aerobrake pass 1, W POR | 125.5 km |
| 11.0 km/s, deceleration 1.71 m/s, apo down by 8665 km | 125 x 420000? | ||
| 1991 Mar 23 | 1230 | DV18 reduce peri 3.6 | |
| 1991 Mar 24 | 1824 | Apogee | |
| 1991 Mar 30 | 1136:26 | Earth aerobrake 2, W Afr | 120.2 x 419700 |
| Reduce apo by 14000 km, 2.8m/s | 120 x 405700 | ||
| 1991 Apr 5 | 0202 | DV19 raise peri | |
| 1230 | Apogee | ||
| 1991 Apr 10 | 1326 | Perigee, DV20 adjust period | |
| 1991 Apr 16 | 1130 | DVc20 targeting | |
| 1991 Apr 17 | 0530 | Apogee 462000 km | |
| 1991 Apr 26 | 2034 | Lunar flyby 9, 12543 km | |
| raise apo to 1532100 km | |||
| 1991 Jul | In ES L2 region? | ||
| 1991 Oct 2 | Lunar flyby 10, 72422 km | L4/L5 loop orbit | |
| 1991 Oct 8 | In EM-L4 region; 50000 x 100000 km around L4 | ||
| 1991 Oct 20 | Apogee 482000 km | ||
| 1991 Oct 22 | Leave L4 region | ||
| 1991 Nov 4 | Perigee 200000 km? | ||
| 1991 Nov 14 | Apogee 442000 km | ||
| 1991 Nov 30 | In L3 region | ||
| 1991 Dec 7 | Apogee 468000 km | ||
| 1991 Dec 15 | Leave L3 region | ||
| 1991 Dec 30 | Apogee 450000 km | ||
| 1992 Jan 14 | In L5 region | ||
| 1992 Jan 22 | Apogee 434000 km | ||
| 1992 Feb 2 | Leave L5 region | ||
| 1992 Feb 11 | Apogee 422000 km | ||
| 1992 Feb 15 | 1333 | Lunar flyby 11, 2160 km sc (423 km alt) | |
| 1328:26 | LOI burn (10 min) 81m/s | ||
| 1337:18 | LOI complete | ||
| 1343 | LOI 9600 x 49400 x 34.7 (eclip), 4.7d | ||
| 1992 Apr 24 | Plane change mv, avoid eclipses 16.0m/s | ||
| 1993 Feb 3 | TCM 1.2 m/s | ||
| 1993 Mar 30 | TCM 5.9m/s | 1400 x 50000? | |
| Earth-Sun perturbations cause impact | |||
| 1993 Apr 10 | 1803:25 | Impact 55.3E 34.0S nr Furnerius | |
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