1971-049A
The third Mars-71 probe was the most successful. M-71 (3M) No. 172 was placed in solar orbit at the end of the May 1971 window and named Mars-3. It reached Mars in Dec 1971; a leak in its propellant system left it barely enough fuel for the orbit insertion burn but it did successfully become a Martian satellite. The lander reached the surface of Mars on 1971 Dec 2.
Launch mass was 4560 kg including the 1000 kg lander. Orbiter was about 3440 kg prior to MOI, probably 2050-2350 kg after.
| Mars-3 | |||
| Date | Time | Event | Orbit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1971 May 28 | 1526:30 | Launch by Proton-K | KB |
| 1528 | Stage 1 sep | ||
| 1531 | Stage 2 sep | ||
| 1535 | Stage 3 MECO | ||
| 1535 | Stage 3 sep | ||
| 1539 | Blok-D burn | ||
| 1541? | Blok-D MECO-1 | ||
| 1644? | Blok-D MES-2 | ||
| 1647 | Asc node | ||
| 1650? | Blok-D MECO-2 | ||
| 1650? | Blok-D sep | ||
| 1971 Jun 8 | TCM-1 | ||
| 1971 Nov | TCM-2 | ||
| 1971 Dec 2 | 0914 | SA module sep | |
| 1005 | Retrofire (MOI) | 1500 x 200000 x 62 | |
| 1972 Aug | End of transmissions? | ||
The Mars-3 Spuskaemiy Apparat separated from Mars-3 on 1971 Dec 2 and landed on Mars, becoming the first spacecraft to transmit from the surface, albeit for less than two minutes. It carried a PROP-M `hopper' rover, a box-shaped vehicle with skis which was tethered to the lander and would have had a range of about 15 meters.
| Mars-3 SA | |||
| Date | Time | Event | Orbit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1971 Dec 2 | 0914 | SA sep | |
| 0929 | SA braking 0.10 km/s | ||
| 0929? | RDTT sep | ||
| 1344 | Mars atmosphere entry | ||
| 1345? | Heat shield sep | ||
| 1347 | Landed 45S 158W | ||
| 1350:35 | TV signal received | ||
| 1350:55 | end of tx after 110s | ||
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