2011-070A
The Mars Science Laboratory, named `Curiosity' before launch, was the largest Mars probe to date with a mass of 3260 kg in solar orbit. The Curiosity mission was to explore the geology of Gale Crater, and its 5 km high central mountain, with a large rover for at least 1 Martian year. The lab would study climate, geology, and radiation, test new landing technology, and search for organic material, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, and sedimentary clays that could give clues to Martian habitability.
The MSL carries RTGs for power so that it can operate in shaded areas and at night.
Gale crater is in the Aeolis Quadrangle. The central mound was informally named Mount Sharp (the IAU name is Aeolis Mons); the plain containing the landing site is Aeolis Palus and the landing site itself was named 'Bradbury Landing' in Aug 2012.
"Curiosity" rover landed by skycrane descent stage. Launch by Atlas V 541 AV-028 from CC in the 2011 window.
Backshell carries two tungsten 'cruise balance mass devices' of 75 kg each and six 'entry balance mass devices' of 25 kg each.
The descent stage hovers and lowers MSL on a 7.5m 'bridle' cable to the surface. On touchdown the bridle is cut at the rover end, then DS flies away for impact.
Target site Gale crater, 4 32S 137 23E
EBMD and Cruise impacts at 136E 4.4S
| Rover | 850 kg | 850 | 2.1 x 3 x 2m |
| DS | 829 kg | 1679 | 3.5? x 3?m |
| DS prop | 390 kg | 2069 | |
| Heat shield | 382 kg | 2451 | 4.5m dia |
| Backshell 349 kg | 2800 | ||
| Cruise + prop | 600 kg | 3400 | 4.4m dia |
| Rover | 899 kg | 899 | 2.1 x 3 x 2m | |
| DS | 829 kg | 829 | 1728 | 3.5? x 3?m |
| DS prop | 387 kg | 1216 | 2115 | |
Heat shield | 385 kg | 1601 | 2500 | 4.5m dia |
| Backshell 349 kg | 1950 | 2849 | ||
| Missing | 151 | 2101 | 3000 | |
| EBMD x 6 | 150 kg | 2251 | 3150 | |
| CBMD x 2 | 150 kg | 2401 | 3300 | |
| Cruise + prop | 539 kg | 3839 | 4.4m dia | |
PHX and MPL: 12 x MR-107N 266N thruster and 64 kg prop
MR-80 2.7 kN 11 kg prop in terminal desc, RRC deorbit 74 kg deorbit MR-50F? MR-80B 3kN
Mars Atmospheric Entries - with mass breakdown in kg ------------------------
Date Spacecraft Mass (kg) Entry = Burnt-up + Prop + Deliberate + Crashed + Landed Impact (failed) intact
1971 Nov 27 Mars-2 SA 1210 0 0 565 645 0 1971 Dec 2 Mars-3 SA 1210 0 0 565 0 645 (sort of) 1974 Mar 12 Mars-6 SA 1210? 0 0 1210 645 0 1976 Jul 20 Viking Lander 1 983 0 103 290 0 590 (Mutch Station) 1976 Sep 3 Viking Lander 2 983 0 103 290 0 590 (Soffen Station) 1997 Jul 4 Mars Pathfinder 795 210 21 291 0 273 (Sagan Station) 1999 Sep 23 Mars Climate Orbiter 623 338 285 0 0 0 1999 Dec 3 Mars Polar Lander 558? 82 39 140 297 0 and Deep Space 2 2003 Dec 25 Beagle-2 68 0 0 35 34 0 2004 Jan 4 Spirit Lander 1010 183 37 363 0 427 (Columbia Station) 2004 Jan 25 Opportunity Lander 1015 188 37 363 0 427 (Challenger Station) 2008 May 25 Mars Phoenix Lander 655 82 58 172 0 343 2012 Aug 6 Curiosity 3759 459 387 2014 ----- 899 ------
Note: Airbag mass counted as deliberate impact even though attached to intact lander.
Mars Artificial Orbiting Objects --------------------------------
Date Spacecraft Dry Mass (kg) Last Known Mars Orbit (km x km x deg, date ) 1971 Nov 14 Mariner 9 555 1645 x 16838 x 64.4 (1972) 1971 Nov 27 Mars-2 2350? 1380 x 25000 x 48.9 (1971) 1971 Dec 2 Mars-3 2350? 1500 x205000 x 62.0 (1971) 1974 Feb 12 Mars-5 2350? 1760 x 32560 x 35.3 (1974) 1976 Jun 19 Viking Orbiter 1 883 411 x 56275 x 37.9 (1980) 1976 Jul 21? VO-1 Bioshield Base 74 1504 x 32574 x 37.8 (1976) 1976 Aug 7 Viking Orbiter 2 883 302 x 33080 x 80.3 (1978) 1978 Mar 3 VO-2 Bioshield Base 74 302 x 33080 x 80.3 (1978) 1989 Jan 29 Fobos-2 2300? 6145 x 6409 x 1.3 (1989) 1989 Feb 18 Fobos-2 ADU 570? 6145 x 6409 x 1.3 (1989) 1997 Sep 12 Mars Global Surveyor 674 356 x 419 x 93.0 (2006) 2001 Oct 24 Mars Odyssey 376 341 x 433 x 93.0 (2012) 2003 Dec 25 Mars Express 632 305 x 10536 x 86.9 (2012) 2006 Mar 10 Mars Recon. Orbiter 984 218 x 292 x 92.6 (2012)
Tungsten ballast masses impact location 137.64E, -4.62
| MSL | |||
| Date | Time | Event | Orbit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 Nov 26 | 1502:00 | Launch by Atlas V 541 | CC SLC41 |
| T+1:52 SRM jettison | |||
| T+3:24 PLF sep | |||
| T+3:31 CFLR sep | |||
| T+4:21 BECO | |||
| T+4:27 Atlas sep | |||
| T+4:37 Centaur MES1 | |||
| 1513 | T+11:29 MECO1 | 165 x 324 | |
| 1533 | T+31:04 MES2 | ||
| 1541 | T+39:05 MECO2 | ||
| 1544 | T+42:47 Centaur sep | 104 x Inf x 35.5, C3=10.78, RLA/DLA= 126.6, -1.10 | |
| T+47:48 TIP | 194 x -87302 x 34.90 | ||
| T+1:07:38 Centaur avoidance complete, Mars miss by 61000 km? | |||
| L+15d TCM-1 | 0.98 x 1.54 AU x 1.7 | ||
| 2011 Nov 27 | 0030 | MSL pass EL1:4 | |
| 2011 Nov 27 | 0033 | Centaur pass EL1:4 | |
| 2011 Dec 1 | 1216 | MSL leave Earth sphere 1.5Mkm | |
| 2011 Dec 1 | 1314 | Centaur leave Earth sphere 1.5Mkm | |
| 2012 Jan 11 | 2300 | TCM, 3 hour pulsed, Mars miss from 40000 km to 0, 5m/s | |
| 2012 Mar 26 | TCM-2 9 min 0.9 m/s | ||
| 2012 Jun 26 | TCM 40s | ||
| 2012 Jul 29 | 0500 ERT? | TCM 6s 0.01m/s | |
| 2012 Aug | Mars arrival | 0.98 x 1.54 AU x 1.66 deg | |
| 2012 Aug 2 | 1800 | Mars L1 1.082Mkm | |
| 2012 Aug 4 | 0920 | Mars SOI 0.577 Mkm | |
| 2012 Aug 6 | |||
| 0500:47 | S+0 E-10 min Cruise stage sep | ||
| E-9min RCS enable, despin | |||
| 0505:17 | S+4:11 E-5:49 Backshell jettison CBMD 1 and 2 | ||
| 0510:46 | E+0 EI 135 km Vi = 6.10km/s theta = -15.5 deg | -54 x -13357 | |
| -64 x 13497 x 22.7 (Horizons) | |||
| 0512 | Cruise stage entry | ||
| Hypersonic maneuvers | |||
| E+0:51 Range control, 63 km, vrel = 5.90 km/s | |||
| E+1:25 Peak heating 27 km, vrel=4.69km/s | |||
| E+2:30 Peak load, 19 km, vrel = 3.60 km/s | |||
| 0514:17? | E+3:50 EMBD 1-6 jettison, remove CG offset | ||
| 0515:05 | E+4:10 / Actual E+4:19 10 km Parachute deploy, vrel = 0.54km/s | ||
| 0515:25 | E+4:28/ Ac E+4:39 7 km Heatshield sep | ||
| Radar on | |||
| 0516:51 | HS impact | ||
| 0517:00 | E+5:45 1.8 km Backshell sep, vrel 0.12 km/s | ||
| E+5:46 Powered descent | |||
| E+6:25 Throttle down 1m/s | |||
| E+6:28 20m, Rover/DS sep | |||
| 0517:39 | E+6:31 Mobility Deploy | ||
| E+6:33 Bogie release | |||
| 0517:57 | E+6:39 Rover landing 0.8 m/s | ||
| L+0:02 DS hovering tethered | |||
| L+0:03 DS tether sep from Rover | |||
| L+0:03 DS flyaway | |||
| L+0:07 DS engine cutoff | |||
| DS impact | |||
Payload:
- MR-111C x 8 thruster, 4N, cruise TCM
- MR-107U x 8, 300N, entry attitude
- Descent stage:
- 8 MR-80B descent engines, 3.1 kN each, N2H4
- Deployer - 3 nylon cables and power/data umbilical, 7.5m
- MEDLI Mars Entry, Descent and Landing Instrument - heat shield sensors
- CheMin Chemistry and Mineralogy Instrument (ARC/Blake)
- ChemCam Laser analyser, (LANL/CNES/Wiens )
- SAM Sample Analysis at Mars (GSFC/JPL/Mahaffy)
- RAD Radiation assessment detector (SWRI/Hassler)
- MARDI Mars Descent Imager (Malin/Malin)
- REMS Rover Environmental Monitoring system (Centro de Astrobiologia-Madrid/Gomez-Elvira)
- APXS Alpha particle XR spectrometer, Cr244/Cd109 (CSA/UGuelph/Gellert)
- DAN Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons ( Tritium source) (IKI/Mitrofanov)
- MastCam Mast Camera, two multispectral zoom cameras (Malin/Malin)
- MAHLI Mars Hand Lens Imager (Malin/Edgett)
- MMRTG Multi Mission RTG, PuO2 with 8 GPHS modules totalling 4.8 kg
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