1977-084A
Voyager SC2, originally due for launch first on the Voyager 2 mission, had to undergo last minute repairs and flew instead as Voyager 1 (VGR-1). SC1 was returned to JPL, and SC3 replaced SC2 as the first to be launched. SC2 was originally MJS-2 or MJS-K and then VGR77-2.
Voyager 1 was launched at 1256 on 1977 Sep 5 by Titan IIIE Centaur from Cape Canaveral's LC41. The Centaur stage entered solar orbit, and then the Star 37E kick motor accelerated Voyager 2 onto a Jupiter intercept trajectory with an aphelion of 9.0AU. Two TCMs were made in September, followed by TCM3 on Oct 29. Voyager 1 passed Voyager 2 on Dec 15. Problems with a stuck scan platform on 1978 Feb 21 were resolved during March, and on 1978 Dec 10-11 a test of the instruments for Jupiter encounter was carried out.
The Jupiter Observatory Phase began on 1979 Jan 4. Far Encounter lasted from Feb 3 to April, with Voyager passing the orbit of Sinope inbound on Feb 10, crossing the Jovian bow shock for the first time on Feb 28, and beginning the near encounter phase on Mar 5. A TCM in Apr 1979 set course for Saturn. Another TCM on Dec 13 caused a temporary loss of communications.
The Saturn observatory phase began on 1980 Aug 22, with TCM 8 on 1980 Oct 10. Far Encounter 1 phase was from Oct 24 to Nov 2, and Far Encounter 2 from Nov 2 to Nov 11, which included TCM 9 on Nov 7 and the bow shock crossing on Nov 11. At 0540:41 on Nov 12 Voyager 1 passed 6969 km from Titan. It was occulted by Titan from 0547 to 0559. At 2215:52 it passed 415855 km from Tethys; Saturn closest approach was 184497 km at 2345:50 on 1980 Nov 12. Mimas was next, at 88996 km at 0142:32 on 1980 Nov 13, followed by Enceladus at 202796 km at 0150. Meanwhile Voyager was occulted by Saturn from 0143 to 0310, and by the rings from 0319 to 0335. Dione went past at a distance of 161285 km at 0339 on Nov 13, Rhea 72797 km at 0621, and finally Hyperion at 879277 km at 1644 UT on Nov 13.
On 1990 Jan 1 Voyager 1 was considered to have begun the Voyager Interstellar Mission (VIM). On 1990 Feb 14, at a distance of 5h 36min from Earth, the camera system was reactivated for a portrait of the planets of the solar system. At 0830 on 1992 Oct 9, Voyager 1 passed the 50 AU mark from the Sun.
On 1998 Feb 17 Voyager 1's geocentric distance exceeded that of Pioneer 10, at 70 AU. On 1999 Feb 1 VGR-1 was at 10hr from Earth.
| VGR-1 | |||
| Date | Time | Event | Orbit |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1977 Sep 5 | 1256:01 | Launch by TC | |
| T+1:50 SRM cutoff | |||
| T+1:51 St 1 burn | |||
| T+2:02 SRM sep | |||
| T+4:20 St 1 MECO | |||
| T+4:20 St 1 sep, St 2 MES | |||
| T+4:31 CSS jettison | |||
| T+7:50 St 2 MECO | |||
| T+7:56 St 2 sep | |||
| T+8:06 TC MES-1 | |||
| 1305:33 | T+9:32 TC MECO-1 | 167 x 167 x 28.5 | |
| 1349:57 | T+53:56 TC MES-2 | ||
| 1354:56 | T+59:46 TC MECO-2 | 198 x -28840 x 28.51 | |
| 1358:37 | T+1:02:36 TC sep | ||
| T+1:02:38 TC avoidance | |||
| T+1:02:51 PM burn 45s | |||
| 1359:36 | T+1:03:36 PM burnout | 327 x -20658 x 28.51 | |
| 1410:05 | T+1:14:53 PM sep | ||
| Centaur mission complete T+2:02:46 | |||
| 1410? | RTG deploy | ||
| 1410? | Scan platform deploy | ||
| 1748 | VGR pass EL1:4 | ||
| 1912 | Centaur pass EL1:4 | ||
| 1977 Sep 6 | 1430 | VGR leave Earth SOI at Vinf = 10.26 km/s | |
| 1977 Sep 7 | 0100 | Centaur Solar orbit (929k), Vinf = 7.08 km/s | 1.01 x 3.36? x 0.8? |
| 0610 | VGR leave Earth sphere (L1) | ||
| 2330? | Centaur leave Earth sphere (L1) | ||
| 1977 Sep 11 | TCM A-1A | ||
| 1977 Sep 13 | TCM A-1B | ||
| 1977 Sep 13 | IRIS dust cover deploy | ||
| 1977 Sep 18 | 11.6 Mkm from Earth | ||
| 1977 Oct 29 | TCM A-2 | ||
| 1977 Dec 15 | Passes VGR-2 | ||
| 1978 Feb 21 | Scan platform sticks | ||
| 1978 Mar | Scan platform free | ||
| 1978 Dec 10 | Encounter rehearsal | ||
| 1979 Jan 4 | Jupiter Observatory Phase | ||
| 1979 Jan 12 | 1300? | Jupiter sphere (51.9Mkm) | |
| 1979 Jan 14 | 48M km from Jupiter | ||
| 1979 Feb 3 | Jupiter Far Encounter | ||
| 1979 Feb 10 | Sinope orbit inbound | ||
| 1979 Feb 21? | TCM A-4? | ||
| 1979 Feb 28 | First magnetopause crossing | ||
| 1979 Mar 5 | Jupiter Near Encounter | ||
| 0900? | Amalthea 420200 km C/A | ||
| 1979 Mar 5 | 1205 | Perijove 277000 km (348890 km C/A) | |
| 1979 Mar 5 | 1547 | Io 20570 km C/A | |
| 1979 Mar 5 | 1700? | Europa 733760 km C/A | |
| 1979 Mar 6 | 0253 | Ganymede 114710 km C/A | |
| 1979 Mar 6 | 1750 | Callisto 126400 km C/A | |
| 1979 Mar 6 | End Jupiter Near Encounter | ||
| 1979 Apr | End Jupiter Far Encounter | ||
| 1979 Apr 9 | TCM-6? | ||
| 1979 Apr 26 | 1100? | 51M km out, exit Jupiter sphere | |
| 1979 Dec 13 | TCM-7? | ||
| 1980 Aug 22 | Saturn Observatory Phase 109Mkm | ||
| 1980 Sep 25 | 0500? | 64.5km inbound (S Sphere in) | |
| 1980 Oct 2 | 55 Mkm inbound | ||
| 1980 Oct 10 | TCM-8 2m/s, Titan avoidance | ||
| 1980 Oct 24 | Saturn Far Encounter 1 | ||
| 1980 Nov 2 | Saturn Far Encounter 2 | ||
| 1980 Nov 7 | TCM-9 | ||
| 1980 Nov 11 | Bow shock crossing | ||
| 1980 Nov 11 | Saturn Near Encounter | ||
| 1980 Nov 12 | 0540:41 | Titan 6969 km C/A 4394 km peri (or 3915 km, JGR) | |
| 0547 | Titan occultation | ||
| 0559 | Out of occultation | ||
| 2215:52 | Tethys, 415670 km | ||
| Helene, 230000 km C/A | |||
| 1980 Nov 12 | 2300? | Atlas, 219000 km C/A | |
| Pandora, 270000 km C/A | |||
| Prometheus, 300000 km C/A | |||
| Epimetheus, 121000 km C/A | |||
| Janus, 297000 km C/A | |||
| 2345:50 | Saturn, 124229 km | ||
| 1980 Nov 13 | 0142:32 | Mimas, 88440 km C/A | |
| 0143 | Saturn occ. | ||
| 0150 | Enceladus, 202040 km CA | ||
| 0310 | End Saturn occ. | ||
| 0319 | Ring occ. | ||
| 0335 | End ring occ. | ||
| 0339 | Dione, 161520 km CA | ||
| 0621 | Rhea, 73980 km CA | ||
| 1644 | Hyperion 880440 km CA | ||
| 1980 Nov 14 | 1900? | Iapetus 2.47Mkm | |
| 1980 Dec 28 | 55 Mkm outbound | ||
| 1980 Dec 31 | 1830? | 64.5M outbound (S Sphere out) | |
| 1990 Jan 1 | Begin Voyager Interstellar Mission | ||
| 1990 Feb 14 | Solar system portrait | ||
| 1992 Oct 9 | 0830 | At 50 AU | |
| 2004 Dec | First helioshock pass at 94 AU | ||
| 2006 Aug 14 | 2113 | At 100 AU | |
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