Thursday, May 18, 2000

Salyut 6

 1977-097A


DOS 5 (17K No. 125) was the first of the advanced DOS stations with two docking ports. It was launched on 1977 Sep 29 by a three stage Proton-K, and named Salyut-6.

The first visit to DOS 5 was a failure when Soyuz-25 could not dock with the -X (forward) port. Soyuz-26 docked at the rear, +X, port with the first crew, Romanenko and Grechko. Grechko made a spacewalk on Dec 19 to verify that the -X port was undamaged. Romanenko floated out the hatch briefly during this spacewalk, which was the first Soviet EVA since 1969.

In January 1978 the first visiting crew of Dzhanibekov and Makarov docked with the -X port in Soyuz-27 and brought Soyuz-26 back to Earth, leaving the long stay crew with a fresh transport ship and freeing up the +X port for the docking of Progress-1, the first automated cargo supply ship, the following week. A second visiting crew in March on Soyuz-28 featured the first 'guest cosmonaut', Vladimir Remek of Czechoslovakia. This visit didn't involve a ship exchange; Romanenko and Grechko returned to Earth in Soyuz-27 shortly after the Soyuz-28 crew landed. Their record setting mission demonstrated key space station operations of resupply and crew exchange, laying the groundwork for the DOS 8 (Mir) permanent occupations.

The station remained unoccupied until June when the EO-2 crew reached it aboard Soyuz-29. A Polish guest cosmonaut made an 8-day visit on Soyuz-30 two weeks later, accompanied by Russian commander Pyotr Klimuk. The aft port was vacant for only 4 days before being occupied by a second Progress cargo ship. Engineer Ivanchenkov made a spacewalk on Jul 29 to expose and retrieve experiment samples, with Commander Kovalyonok supporting from the open hatch. Progress-3 then brought more supplies in early August, followed by a new visiting crew aboard Soyuz-31. East German astronaut Sigmund Jahn and Russian commander Valeriy Bykovskiy carried out experiments and returned to Earth aboard Soyuz-29 on Sep 3, leaving their fresh ship at the rear port. On Sep 7 the EO-2 crew demonstrated a new manuever, undocking from Salyut aboard Soyuz 31 and backing off while controllers flipped Salyut end-to-end; they reapproached and docked with the front port. The rear port had to be kept free for Progress craft, since refuelling could only be done from that end. The flight took 29 minutes. After one more Progress resupply flight, the EO-2 crew landed in Soyuz-31 on Nov 2.

In Feb 1979 the EO-3 crew of Lyakhov and Ryumin docked at the front port in Soyuz-32 followed in March by Progress-5 at the rear port. On 1979 Mar 16 the ODU engine cover failed to open before an engine burn, and the cover was burnt through. Attempts to repair the ODU over the following week were unsuccessful. After undocking of the Progress, Soyuz-33 was launched with a Bulgarian astronaut aboard and Nikolai Rukavishnikov as commander, the first civilian to command a Soviet mission. However, an engine problem caused Soyuz-33 to miss its rendezvous, leaving the EO-3 crew with a transport ship nearing its sell-by date. After the Progress-6 resupply mission in May, Soyuz-34 was launched with no crew aboard and made an automatic docking on Jun 8. The aging Soyuz-32 was then recovered empty on Jun 13, and on Jun 14 the EO-3 crew flew Soyuz-34 round to the front port, later landing it safely on Aug 19. Progress-7 in July delivered the KRT-10 radio astronomy experiment which was left mounted in the rear port when the Progress undocked. However attempts to jettison it failed when it caught on the aft structure, and Ryumin made a spacewalk on Aug 15 to free it.

In Dec 1979 the automated Soyuz T spaceship made a test flight in which it docked to Salyut-6 and remained attached until Mar 1980 when it returned to Earth.

Later in Mar 1980 Progress-8 docked to the empty station in preparation for a new expedition. This was the first time a Progress had been sent while a crew was not aboard. On 1980 Apr 10 Soyuz-35 docked bringing with it the EO-4 crew of Leonid Popov and (once again) Valeriy Ryumin. Progress-9 brought more supplies at the end of April, and Soyuz-36 visited in May with civilian commander Valeriy Kubasov and Hungarian astronaut Bertalan Farkas, who exchanged ships and returned in Soyuz-35. Soyuz T-2, the first crewed test flight of the Soyuz T, docked in June for a brief visit. Progress-10 in July was followed by Soyuz-37 carrying Vietnamese astronaut Pham Tuan, a propaganda coup during the 1980 Olympics. They returned to Earth in Soyuz-36 leaving the EO-4 crew to do another docking port swap in Soyuz-37. On Sep 19 Soyuz-38 arrived with the first astronaut of African descent, Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez of Cuba. On Sep 30, after the return of Soyuz-38, Progress-11 docked with the station, while Soyuz-37 returned the EO-4 crew to Earth on Oct 11.

The DOS station remained in orbit with Progress-11 attached. The next visitor was Soyuz T-3 in November, the first use of a Soyuz T for a primary expedition and the first three-person crew since the Soyuz-11 accident. The EO-5 visit was brief and Soyuz T-3 returned to Earth in December just after Progress-11 was jettisoned.

In Jan 1981 Progress-12 docked with the station and was used to raise its orbit. Soyuz T-4 delivered the EO-6 crew in March and they were visited by two guest crews in old-style Soyuz ships: Soyuz-39 in March with a Mongolian and Soyuz-40 in May with a Rumanian. EO-6 crew returned to earth on May 26 ending the human occupation of the DOS-5 station.

On 1981 Jun 19 the experimental TKS spaceship Kosmos-1267 docked at the forward port. It remained there until the complex was deorbited a year later.


Salyut-6 (DOS 5) 
 

DateTimeEventOrbit  

1977 Sep 29  0650:00 Launch by Proton  KB 
 0659  Stage 3 MECO 
 0659  Stage 3 sep 
 0700? Instrument cover sep 
   219 x 275 x 51.6 
1977 Oct 1    214 x 260 x 51.6 from 214 x 253 
1977 Oct 3   ODU engine orbit raise  229 x 351 x 51.6 from 211 x 258 
1977 Oct 7  ODU engine orbit raise  340 x 349 x 51.6 from 229 x 348 
1977 Oct 10   Rendezvous by Soyuz-25 
  Soyuz-25 failed docking at -X  341 x 348 x 51.6 
1977 Nov 28   ODU raise orbit  340 x 354 x 51.6 from 332 x 339 x 51.6 
1977 Dec 11  0302  Soyuz-26 docked at +X  337 x 354 x 51.6 
  Crew entry: 
  EO-1 Kdr, Yuriy Romanenko 
  EO-1 BI, Georgiy Grechko 
1977 Dec 19  2136  EO-1 EVA-1 (Kdr, BI 01:28) 
  BI went EVA to inspect -X port 
  Kdr assisting in SEVA (0:20) 
  Ingress after 20min 
  Hatch closed 
 2304  Repress 
1977 Dec 22   97D cataloged 
1977 Dec 27   97E-H cataloged 
1978 Jan 11  1406  Soyuz-27 docked at -X  330 x 352 x 51.6 
  Crew entry (EP1) 
  EP-1 Kdr, Vladimir Dzhanibekov 
  EP-1 BI, Oleg Makarov 
1978 Jan 15   Soyuz-26 test burn 
1978 Jan 16   EP-1 crew to Soyuz-26 
  Soyuz-26 undocked +X  329 x 350 x 51.6 
1978 Jan   97J,K,L cataloged 
1978 Jan 22  1012:14  Progress-1 docked at +X  328 x 349 x 51.6 
1978 Feb 5    320 x 346 x 51.6 from 327 x 345 
1978 Feb 6  0553  Progress-1 undocked -X 
  Progress-1 re-rendezvous 
  Progress-1 sep burn 
1978 Feb 22?  97M,N,P cataloged 
1978 Feb 23    335 x 356 x 51.6 from 325 x 340 
1978 Mar 3  1710  Soyuz-28 docked at +X  334 x 353 x 51.6 
  EP-2 crew entry: 
  EP-2 Kdr, Aleksey Gubarev 
  EP-2 KI, Vladimir Remek 
1978 Mar 9   Soyuz-28 test burn 
1978 Mar 10   EP-2 crew to Soyuz-28 
  Soyuz-28 undocked from +X  338 x 350 x 51.6 
1978 Mar 15   Soyuz-27 test burn 
1978 Mar 16   EO-1 crew to Soyuz-27 
  Soyuz-27 undocked from -X  333 x 348 x 51.6 
1978 Mar 16?   97Q,R,S cataloged 
1978 Mar 31   97T cataloged 
1978 May 16    309 x 323 x 51.6 
  Orbit raise  321 x 362 x 51.6 
1978 Jun 11    313 x 355 x 51.6 
  Orbit raise  340 x 357 x 51.6 
1978 Jun 16  2158  Soyuz-29 docked at -X  339 x 355 x 51.6 
  EO-2 crew entry: 
  EO-2 Kdr, Vladimir Kovalyonok 
  EO-2 BI, Aleksandr Ivanchenkov 
1978 Jun 22   Orbit trim   
1978 Jun 28  1708  Soyuz-30 docked at +X  334 x 343 x 51.6 
1978 Jun 29   EP-3 crew entry 
  EP-3 Kdr, Pyotr Klimuk 
  EP-3 KI, Miroslaw Hermaszewski 
1978 Jul 5   EP-3 crew to Soyuz-30 
 1015  Soyuz-30 undocked from +X  332 x 340 x 51.6 
1978 Jul 9  1258:59  Progress-2 docked at +X  331 x 338 x 51.6 
1978 Jul 29  0400  EO-2 EVA-1  
  BI EVA to expose, retrieve samples; Kdr SEVA 
 0605  Hatch closed (official) 
 0620  Hatch closed (actual) 
1978 Aug 2  0457 Progress-2 undocked from +X  324 x 332 x 51.6 
1978 Aug 5    326 x 330 x 51.6 
  ODU burn  327 x 357 x 51.6 
1978 Aug 10  0000  Progress-3 docked at +X  327 x 355 x 51.6 
1978 Aug 17    326 x 353 x 51.6 
  Orbit trim, P3  339 x 352 x 51.6 
1978 Aug 21   Progress-3 undocked from +X  335 x 352 x 51.6 
1978 Aug 27  1637  Soyuz-31 docked at +X  338 x 355 x 51.6 
  EP-4 crew entry 
  EP-4 Kdr, Valeriy Bykovskiy 
  EP-4 KI, Sigmund Jahn 
1978 Sep 2   Soyuz-29 test burn 
1978 Sep 3   EP-4 crew to Soyuz-29 
  Soyuz-29 undocked -X  335 x 352 x 51.6 
1978 Sep 7   EO-2 crew to Soyuz-31 
 1153  Soyuz-31 undocked +X 
 1222  Soyuz-31 docked -X 
  EO-2 crew to Salyut-6 
1978 Sep 21?   97U to Y cataloged 
1978 Oct 6  0100  Progress-4 docked at +X  322 x 340 x 51.6 
1978 Oct 7    324 x 348 x 51.6 
1978 Oct 20    321 x 341 x 51.6 
  Orbit raise (P4)  359 x 362 x 51.6 
1978 Oct 24  1307  Progress-4 undocked from +X  358 x 360 x 51.6 
1978 Nov 1   97Z to AG cataloged 
1978 Nov 2  0435  EO-2 crew to Soyuz-31 
 0746 Soyuz-31 undocked from -X 
1979 Feb 22    299 x 318 x 51.6 
  Orbit trim  302 x 313 x 51.6 
1979 Feb 26  1330  Soyuz-32 docked at -X  296 x 309 x 51.6 
  EO-3 crew entry 
  EO-3 Kdr, Vladimir Lyakhov 
  EO-3 BI, Valeriy Ryumin 
1979 Mar 1    295 x 305 x 51.6 
  Orbit raise (S32)  306 x 334 x 51.6 
1979 Mar 14   Progress-5 docked at +X  295 x 324 x 51.6 
1979 Mar 16   ODU firing, cover burnthrough 
1979 Mar 31    277 x 306 x 51.6 
  Orbit raise (P5)  278 x 340 x 51.6 
1979 Apr 3   Orbit raise (P5)  334 x 348 x 51.6 
1979 Apr 3  1610  Progress-5 undocked from +X  333 x 349 x 51.6 
1979 Apr 6    333 x 346 x 51.6 
  Orbit trim, S32  340 x 359 x 51.6 
1979 Apr 11   Soyuz-33 flyby  338 x 355 x 51.6 
1979 Apr 20   97AH-AM cataloged 
1979 Apr 27   97AN cataloged 
1979 May 15  0619  Progress-6 docked at +X  324 x 339 x 51.6 
1979 May 22    322 x 337 x 51.6 
  Orbit trim, P6  333 x 340 x 51.6 
1979 Jun 4    328 x 337 x 51.6 
  Orbit trim, P6  328 x 353 x 51.6 
1979 Jun 5   Orbit raise, P6  358 x 371 x 51.6 
1979 Jun 8  0800  Progress-6 undocked +X   
 2002  Soyuz-34 docked at +X  351 x 363 x 51.6 
1979 Jun 13  0951  Soyuz-32 undocked from -X  356 x 366 x 51.6 
1979 Jun 14   EO-3 crew to Soyuz-34 
 1618  Soyuz-34 undocked from +X 
  Soyuz-34 docked at -X  357 x 361 x 51.6 
  EO-3 crew to Salyut 
1979 Jun 29   97AP to At cataloged 
1979 Jun 30  1118  Progress-7 docked at +X  353 x 360 x 51.6 
1979 Jul 4    352 x 360 x 51.6 
1979 Jul 4   Orbit raise, P7  395 x 406 x 51.6 
1979 Jul 18  0350  Progress-7 undocked from +X  394 x 405 x 51.6 
 0350  KRT-10 telescope deployed at +X  
1979 Jul 28   97AU-BA cataloged 
1979 Aug 6   97BB cataloged 
1979 Aug 9   KRT-10 jettison from +X, fouled on antenna 
  Small burn, failed to dislodge KRT-10 
1979 Aug 15  1416  EO-3 EVA-1 
  BI EVA to free and jettison KRT-10 
  Kdr SEVA 
  97BC to BF cataloged 
 1539  Repress 
1979 Aug 16   Orbit trim, S34  386 x 411 x 51.6 
1979 Aug 19   EO-3 crew to Soyuz-34 
 0908  Soyuz-34 undocked -X  384 x 393 x 51.6 
1979 Aug 21   97 BG to BL cataloged 
1979 Sep 5   97BN cataloged 
1979 Oct 4   97BP cataloged 
1979 Oct 10   97BQ cataloged 
1979 Dec 19  1405  Soyuz T docked at -X  341 x 345 x 51.6 
1979 Dec 25    340 x 346 x 51.6 
  Orbit raise, Soyuz T  365 x 378 x 51.6 
1980 Mar 22    336 x 345 x 51.6 
  Orbit trim  344 x 347 x 51.6 
1980 Mar 23  2104  Soyuz T undocked -X  344 x 347 x 51.6 
1980 Mar 29  2001  Progress-8 docked at +X  340 x 344 x 51.6 
1980 Mar 30   Orbit trim 
1980 Apr 3    338 x 342 x 51.6 
  Orbit trim, P8  342 x 355 x 51.6 
1980 Apr 10  1516  Soyuz-35 docked at -X  336 x 348 x 51.6 
  EO-4 crew entry 
  EO-4 KI, Leonid Popov 
  EO-4 BI, Valeriy Ryumin 
1980 Apr 24    330 x 341 x 51.6 
 1751  Orbit raise, P8  342 x 355 x 51.6 
1980 Apr 25  0654  Progress-8 undocked from +X  334 x 363 x 51.6 
1980 Apr 29  0809  Progress-9 docked at +X  333 x 361 x 51.6 
1980 May 11    326 x 355 x 51.6 
  Orbit tweak, P9327 x 356 x 51.6 
1980 May 16    326 x 355 x 51.6 
 2130  Orbit trim  342 x 352 x 51.6 
1980 May 20  1851  Progress-9 undocked from +X  339 x 362 x 51.6 
1980 May 22    338 x 361 x 51.6 
  Orbit trim? 335 x 357 x 51.6 
1980 May 27  2005  Soyuz-36 docked at +X  334 x 355 x 51.6 
1980 May 27   EP-6 crew entry 
  EP-6 Kdr, Valeriy Kubasov 
  EP-6 KI, Bertalan Farkas 
1980 May 29    334 x 355 x 51.6 
  Orbit trim, S36  338 x 353 x 51.6 
1980 Jun 2    334 x 354 x 51.6 
  Orbit trim, S36  336 x 352 x 51.6 
1980 Jun 3   EP crew to Soyuz-35 
 1147  Soyuz-35 undocked from -X  335 x 352 x 51.6 
1980 Jun 4   EO-4 crew to Soyuz-36 
 1638  Soyuz-36 undocked from +X  335 x 352 x 51.6 
 1809  Soyuz-36 docked at -X  
  EO-4 crew to Salyut 
1980 Jun 6  1558  Soyuz T-2 docked at +X  333 x 349 x 51.6 
  EP-7 crew entry 
  EP-7 Kdr, Yuriy Malyshev 
  EP-7 BI, Vladimir Aksyonov 
1980 Jun 8    331 x 349 x 51.6 
  Orbit tweak  332 x 350 x 51.6  
1980 Jun 9   EP-7 crew to Soyuz T-2 
 0925  Soyuz T-2 undocked from +X  335 x 348 x 51.6 
1980 Jul 1  0553  Progress-10 docked at +X  327 x 341 x 51.6 
1980 Jul 15   97BT cataloged 
1980 Jul 17    318 x 334 x 51.6 
  Orbit trim, P10  326 x 342 x 51.6 
1980 Jul 17  0221  Progress-10 undocked from +X   
1980 Jul 18    327 x 338 x 51.6 
   326 x 340 x 51.6 
1980 Jul 21    326 x 339 x 51.6 
   338 x 352 x 51.6 
1980 Jul 24  2002  Soyuz-37 docked at +X  336 x 351 x 51.6 
  EP-8 crew entry 
  EP-8 Kdr, Viktor Gorbatko 
  EP-8 KI, Pham Tuan 
1980 Jul 31   EP-8 crew to Soyuz-36 
1980 Jul 31  1155  Soyuz-36 undocked from -X  335 x 349 x 51.6 
1980 Aug 1   EO-4 crew to Soyuz-37 
 1643  Soyuz-37 undocked from +X  
 1820  Soyuz-37 docked at -X  334 x 348 x 51.6 
  EO-4 crew to Salyut 
1980 Aug 15   97BU to BZ cataloged 
1980 Aug 22   97CA,CB cataloged 
1980 Sep 4    323 x 338 x 51.6 
  Orbit raise, S37337 x 350 x 51.6 
  97CC-CF cataloged 
1980 Sep 9   97CG to CM cataloged 
1980 Sep 16    333 x 345 x 51.6 
  Orbit trim, reserve ODU  338 x 352 x 51.6 
1980 Sep 19  2049  Soyuz-38 docked at +X 
  EP-9 crew entry 
  EP-9 Kdr, Yuriy Romanenko 
  EP-9 KI, Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez 
1980 Sep 25   Soyuz-38 test burn 
1980 Sep 26   EP-9 crew to Soyuz-38 
 1234  Soyuz-38 undocked from +X  334 x 341 x 51.6 
1980 Sep 30  1703  Progress-11 docked at +X  332 x 339 x 51.6 
1980 Oct 8    328 x 355 x 51.6 
  Orbit lower, P11321 x 334 x 51.6 
1980 Oct 10   Soyuz-37 test burn 
1980 Oct 11   EO-4 crew to Soyuz-37 
 0630  Soyuz-37 undocked from -X  318 x 332 x 51.6 
1980 Nov 2    303 x 318 x 51.6 
   301 x 311 x 51.6 
1980 Nov 17   286 x 295 x 51.6 
  Orbit trim, P11  297 x 311 x 51.6 
1980 Nov 28  1554  Soyuz T-3 docked at -X  285 x 298 x 51.6 
  EO-5 crew entry 
  EO-5 Kdr, Leonid Kizim 
  EO-5 BI, Oleg Makarov 
  EO-5 KI, Gennadiy Strekalov 
1980 Dec 8    278 x 287 x 51.6 
  Orbit raise, P11  287 x 353 x 51.6 
1980 Dec 9  1023  Progress-11 undocked +X  284 x 355 x 51.6 
1980 Dec 10   EO-5 crew to Soyuz T-3 
 0610  Soyuz T-3 undocked -X  286 x 352 x 51.6 
1980 Dec 11    283 x 351 x 51.6 
1980 Dec 11   Orbit trim  284 x 357 x 51.6 
1980 Dec 12   Orbit raise  316 x 355 x 51.6 
1981 Jan 26  1556  Progress-12 docked at +X  295 x 321 x 51.6 
1981 Jan 28    293 x 319 x 51.6 
 1700 Orbit raise, P12  291 x 355 x 51.6 
1981 Jan 30    293 x 352 x 51.6 
  Orbit raise, P12  348 x 360 x 51.6 
1981 Mar 2    339 x 348 x 51.6 
  Orbit trim, P12  343 x 356 x 51.6 
1981 Mar 13  2033  Soyuz T-4 docked at -X  338 x 350 x 51.6 
  EO-6 crew entry, 
  EO-6 Kdr, Vladimir Kovalyonok 
  EO-6 BI, Viktor Savinykh 
1981 Mar 17    337 x 348 x 51.6 
  Orbit trim, P12  339 x 353 x 51.6 
1981 Mar 19  1814  Progress-12 undocked +X  338 x 352 x 51.6 
1981 Mar 23  1628  Soyuz-39 docked +X  336 x 350 x 51.6 
1981 Mar 23   EP-10 crew entry 
  EP-10 Kdr, Vladimir Dzhanibekov 
  EP-10 KI Jugderdemidiyn Gurragcha 
1981 Mar 29    334 x 348 x 51.6 
  Orbit trim  342 x 355 x 51.6 
1981 Mar 30   EP-10 crew to Soyuz-39 
 0822  Soyuz-39 undocked from +X  342 x 354 
1981 Apr 1    341 x 353 x 51.6 
  Orbit trim, T4  350 x 361 x 51.6 
1981 Apr 9   97CP-CV cataloged 
1981 Apr 23   Splav removed from airlock for Vaporiser expt 
1981 Apr 28   Splav reinstalled 
1981 Apr 30   97CW-DB catlaoged 
1981 May 7    330 x 336 x 51.66 
  Orbit trim  334 x 353 x 51.6 
  97DC cataloged 
1981 May 10   T-4 docking probe dismantled (May 10-12) 
1981 May 15  1850  Soyuz-40 docked at +X  331 x 346 x 51.6 
  EP-11 crew entry  
  EP-11 Kdr Leonid Popov 
  EP-11 BI Dumitru Prunariu 
1981 Nay 20    330 x 343 x 51.6 
  Orbit raise, S40  339 x 374 x 51.6 
1981 May 22   EP-11 crew to Soyuz-40 
 1037  Soyuz-40 undocked from +X 
1981 May 23   97DD-DG cataloged 
1981 May 25    338 x 370 x 51.6 
  Orbit trim, T4  338 x 372 x 51.6  
1981 May 26   EO crew to Soyuz T-4 
 1208?  Soyuz T-4 undocked from -X  339 x 372 x 51.6 
  97DJ, DK cataloged 
1981 Jun 19  0652  Kosmos-1267 docked at -X  333 x 363 x 51.6 
1981 Jun 29    332 x 359 x 51.6 
  Orbit trim  336 x 368 x 51.6 
1981 Jun 30   Orbit raise  388 x 388 x 51.6 
1981 Jul 29    334 x 380 x 51.6 
  Orbit trim  346 x 381 x 51.6 
1981 Jul 30   Orbit raise  376 x 404 x 51.6 
1981 Oct 21    356 x 376 x 51.6 
  Orbit raise  355 x 398 x 51.6 
1981 Oct 22   Orbit raise  396 x 411 x 51.6 
1982 Jul 28    318 x 324 x 51.6 
  Orbit lower  233 x 321 x 51.6 
1982 Jul 29   Deorbit by K1267 engine  222 x 321 x 51.6 
  Reentered over Pacific 

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